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Missouri River Basin
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Last modified
4/8/2013 5:26:26 PM
Creation date
3/6/2013 1:04:48 PM
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Water Supply Protection
Description
related to the Platte River Endangered Species Partnership (aka Platte River Recovery Implementation Program or PRRIP) Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Meeting - Pallid Sturgeon
State
CO
WY
NE
MO
Basin
South Platte
Water Division
1
Author
CWCB Staff
Title
Staff comments on the US Fish and Wildlife's Biological Opinion on the Missouri River Main Stem Reservoir System, Operation and Maintenance of the Missouri River Bandk Stabilization and Navigation Project, and the Operation o fthe Kansas River Reservoir
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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sturgeon has been rapidly improving during the past 5 years. Even basic parameters such as the <br />microhabitat characteristics of spawning locations, substrate preference, water temperature, or time of <br />year are now beginning to be documented. Spawning occurs between March through July depending <br />on location (Forbes and Richardson 1905, Gilbraith et al. 1988;). Keenlyne and Jenkins (1993) <br />estimate that spawning probably begins in March in the lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers; in <br />late April or early May in the lower Missouri and middle Mississippi Rivers; and in late May or early <br />June in the upper Missouri River. Sexually mature pallid sturgeon have been observed in the <br />Yellowstone River in western North Dakota during late May and early June when water temperatures <br />ranged from 60 -65T (15.5--18.5-C) (Steve Krentz, USFWS, pers comm.). Sandvol (USFWS, <br />pers. comm., 1992) observed a male pallid sturgeon captured from the Missouri River near Williston, <br />ND, running milt in late May 1991. <br />While no spawning beds have been located, Bramblett (1996) described probable spawning areas in <br />the Yellowstone River from about river km 6 to river km 14. Breder and Rosen (1966) report that as a <br />group, sturgeon exhibit uniform spawning behavior; and thus, such information can be used to make <br />inferences about pallid sturgeon behavior. All sturgeon species spawn in the spring or early summer, <br />are multiple spawners, and release their eggs at intervals. Spawning behavior was observed in 1998 <br />during propagation attempts at Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery. Following the luteinizing <br />hormone injection, spawning behavior was observed between sexually mature male and female pallid <br />sturgeon within 20 -ft (6.1 m) circular tanks (Rob Holm, USFWS, pers comm.). In the wild, the <br />adhesive eggs are released in deep channels or rapids and are left unattended (Galbraith et al. 1988). <br />The larvae of Acipenserids are generally pelagic, becoming buoyant or active immediately after hatching <br />(Moyle and Cech 1982). Although the behavior of young pallid sturgeon is poorly understood, recent <br />work by Kynard et al. (1998a) indicates that a downstream migration period for larval pallid sturgeon <br />begins day -0 at hatching and continues up to day -13, with a decline after day -8. With this information <br />it has been possible to use water velocities to roughly estimate that larval pallid sturgeon may drift in the <br />water column for a distance of 40 to over 400 mi (64 -643 km) (Steve Krentz, USFWS, pers. comm.). <br />Females collected in June and July in the upper end of Lake Sharpe, a reservoir on the Missouri River <br />in South Dakota, contained mature ova and presumably were ready to spawn. However, during 10 <br />years of sampling for young -of -the -year fish in Lake Sharpe (Kallemeyn 1983) or in the 17 years since <br />then, no evidence of successful reproduction has been found. <br />Kallemeyn (1983) reported that pallid sturgeon males reach sexual maturity at 21 -23 in (53.3 -58.4 <br />cm), however, size and age of females at sexual maturity were unknown at that time. Conte et al. <br />(1988) indicated that females of most sturgeon in North America do not mature until at least age 7 and <br />typically require several years for eggs to mature between spawnings. The age of sexual maturity and <br />intervals between spawning were estimated for nine pallid sturgeon by recording what were interpreted <br />to be spawning events from pectoral fn ray cross sections. Sexual maturity for males was estimated to <br />be 7 to 9 years, with 2 to 3 year intervals between spawning years. Females were estimated to reach <br />sexual maturity in 15 to 20 years, with 3 to 10 year intervals between spawning years ( Keenlyne and <br />100 Status Range Wide -PS <br />
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