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1 <br />M6. Periodically sample snow particles at selected precipitation gauge sites using a radio - <br />controlled sampler and /or automated photography. Periodically collect samples and <br />analyze later for silver and /or indium concentrations. <br />The Storm Peak Laboratory, located at the high altitude of 10,520 feet, is equipped for collectin g typical <br />ical <br />weather information plus data on aerosols and some cloud physics variables (intermittently) such as cloud <br />liquid water presence. , <br />3.5. Field Instrumentation <br />' <br />The instrumentation systems necessary to conduct assessments M1 -M6 are listed in table 3.1. Some of <br />the instrumentation such as doppler radar will contribute observations only if provided by a partnering <br />agency. The outcome of design phase studies will determine what equipment is appropriate for the <br />operational seeding phase in the Headwaters Region. <br />Table 3.1. - Instrumentation options for the design phase (see appendix A for a description of <br />sensors). <br />1. Three microwave radiometers for vertically integrated SLW observations. <br />, <br />2. Tower- mounted icing rate meters for surface SLW observations. <br />3. Rawinsonde system for vertical profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture. <br />4. Automatic weather stations for surface wind, temperature, and humidity fields. <br />5. High resolution precipitation gauges for measuring rates of snowfall water equivalent accumulation. <br />6. Instrumented vehicle for AgI, SF6, and ice particle sampling crosswind through the seeding plumes. <br />7. Two manned observing sites to monitor precipitation, ice particles, AgI, SF6, and snow samples for <br />' <br />chemical analysis. <br />8. Remote - controlled snow samplers for chemical analysis. <br />9. Remote - controlled AgI generators. <br />, <br />10. Remote - controlled indium generators. <br />11. Remote - controlled propane dispensers. <br />12. Remote - controlled SF6 gas dispensers. <br />13. Radar wind profiler with RASS capability for vertical profiles of wind and virtual temperature. <br />14. (Optional) Research aircraft capable of monitoring 3 -D position (altitude and GPS), ice particles (213- <br />C and 2D -P probes), cloud droplets (FSSP probe), liquid water content (King probe), air temperature <br />' <br />(thermistor in reverse flow housing), dew point temperature (billed mirror hygrometer), AgI <br />(acoustical, ice nucleus counter), SF6 (gas detector), and visual cloud structure (video camera). In <br />addition, the aircraft will be capable of monitoring vertical and horizontal winds. <br />15. (Optional) Scanning Doppler C -band (5 cm) weather radar for general surveillance of storm clouds <br />, <br />and horizontal wind estimates. <br />Warburton et al. (1989) studied the ratio of co- released silver from AgI and indium from indium iodide. <br />Because indium does not nucleate ice, ratios can indicate which gauges were under seeding plumes. For <br />propane only cases, indium presence will indicate the seeding plume. Chemical analysis of snow samples ' <br />will provide a means of identifying which precipitation gauges were under the seeding plumes and which <br />were not. <br />3.6. Field Studies , <br />Design phase field studies recommended for two winters prior to large -scale deployment of seeding <br />12 <br />