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• • Project Expeyience two- dimensional (finite element and finite difference) flood wave programs to reduce the dam rehabilitation that would otherwise have been required. We are currently using these types of approaches on more than 20 on -going water storage and flood control projects. For groundwater hydrology and seepage analysis, Boyle has used relative simple approaches (Glover, Linear Storage, and others) and, more complex finite element or finite difference (MODFLOW, SEEP/W, etc.) approaches on water resource and storage projects from coast to coast. As an example, Boyle and URS hydrogeologists are just beginning a feasibility study of groundwater development options from the Denver Basin aquifers. Boyle also recently developed an innovative linked surface and groundwater model for the Rio Grande and its dams and reservoirs (Elephant Butte, Caballo, and others) under a contract for the New Mexico/Texas Water Commission. This modeling approach will likely be used to address alternative diversion methods from the Colorado River. Our water availability modeling has also involved intensive assessments of environmental conditions and especially instream flows. These applications have focused on sustainable water management practices to assure that the most appropriate options from an environmental perspective are developed early in the planning processes. Other hydraulic and hydrologic studies to support water resources projects include a wide range of services: • Definition of operating criteria for reservoir pools, and optimization of reservoir operations to satisfy municipal, industrial, hydroelectric power generation, agricultural, environmental and other purposes, • Precipitation - runoff modeling to determine the inflow hydrographs from the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) to floods of various frequencies, • Reservoir routing studies to determine the most effective combination of dam crest elevation and spillway capacity • Dam break and breach analyses with downstream routing of flood waves. Boyle may use both one- and two- dimensional hydraulic flow models for quick assessments of flood flow patterns on the Colorado River for CRRP. On systems that are not well- defined in nature or subject to overbank flooding, two- dimensional modeling techniques have been shown to more accurately portray the real -world situation than a simplified one - dimensional model. The following is a partial list of one - dimensional hydraulic and hydrologic programs used by Boyle: • All of the HEC series (including HEC -1, HEC -2 and HEC -6); • HEC -RAS with HEC -2 and bridge scour capabilities; • Enhanced version of NWS DAMBRK model, which is a dynamic, unsteady flow, dam breach model; • Enhanced version of NWS BREACH model, which is a physical based breach model; 28