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Whooping Crane Recovery Plan
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Whooping Crane Recovery Plan
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Last modified
2/28/2013 3:39:42 PM
Creation date
1/29/2013 3:46:14 PM
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Water Supply Protection
Description
related to the Platte River Endangered Species Partnership (aka Platte River Recovery Implementation Program or PRRIP)
State
CO
NE
WY
Basin
South Platte
Water Division
1
Date
2/11/1994
Author
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Title
Whooping Crane Recovery Plan
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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47 <br />species, especially on matters regarding incidental or regulated takings. The Act <br />amendment also allowed designation of a population as "nonessential" to the continued <br />existence of the species in the wild. Populations designated nonessential are to be treated <br />as if they were only proposed for listing for purposes of section 7 of the Act, except on <br />national parks and national wildlife refuges. Designation of the RMP as experimental <br />nonessential would mean greater management flexibility, the potential for regulated takings, <br />and the population would no longer be subject to the formal consultation requirement of <br />section 7 of the Act except on refuges and national parks. <br />The Endangered Species Act states that critical habitat shall not be designated for <br />experimental populations. Critical habitat was designated for whooping cranes in the Rocky <br />Mountains in 1978 and covers three refuges (Bosque del Apache, New Mexico; Grays Lake, <br />Idaho; and the Alamosa /Monte Vista complex, Colorado) plus a 1 mile buffer of private land <br />around GL. The buffer around GL is rangeland and a few small farms raising wheat and <br />grazing cattle on improved pasture. There are no activities on these private lands which <br />represent a hazard to whooping cranes. If the designation of the RMP cranes is changed to <br />experimental nonessential, it will be necessary to rescind the critical habitat designations. <br />However, because the critical habitat is almost entirely in Federal ownership, and section 7 <br />of the Endangered Species Act still applies for actions on national refuges occupied by <br />experimental populations, protection of the habitat will not be significantly diminished. <br />M. Population Viability Analysis <br />The Population Viability Assessment Workshop for the whooping crane was funded by the <br />Service. It was a collaborative endeavor, with Canadian Wildlife Service, The United States <br />and Canadian Whooping Crane Recovery Teams, the International Crane Foundation, and <br />the Captive Breeding Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission of International Union <br />for Conservation of Nature. The final report includes priorities for research and management <br />of the wild and captive populations as a meta - population to maximize retention of genetic <br />heterozygosity and minimize the risk of extinction (Mirande et al. 1993). <br />Based on the population size in the bottleneck of 1941, the current population is derived <br />from an estimated 6 or 8 founders. In the first generation that would have resulted in a loss <br />of 6% to 8% of gene diversity. (The generation time is assumed to be about 12 years). <br />Estimates are that about 87% of the gene diversity has persisted since 1938. About 96% <br />of the gene diversity present in the wild flock has been retained in the captive- hatched <br />descendants. <br />Modelling showed annual population growth to be 0.046 (SD = 0.081) over the last 50 <br />years. If this rate continues, the population will reach 500 birds in 27 years (about 2020) <br />and 1,000 in 42 years (2035). The standard deviation is about double the mean growth <br />rate so in many years the population will decline temporarily even though long -term growth <br />may be good. The population is projected to have a very low probability of extinction over <br />the next 100 years (less than one percent). The whooping crane has the highest long -term <br />recruitment rate 0 3.9 percent) of any North American crane population (Drewien et al. <br />1993). <br />
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