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4. A Brief History of Instream Flow Recommendations Terminology and Usage <br />Early 1994 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service identifies the need for a workshop to develop <br />instream flow recommendations for the central Platte River. This resulted <br />from the need to provide flow recommendations to the Federal Energy <br />Regulatory Commission (FERC), and from comments received from <br />representatives of the three Platte River Basin states during discussions <br />about establishing a cooperative Platte River Recovery Implementation <br />Program. <br />May 23, 1994 Instream Flow Recommendations for the Central Platte River is prepared <br />by David Bowman, USFWS, presenting the results of a workshop held <br />March 8 -10, 1994, at the National Ecology Research Center of the <br />National Biological Survey in Fort Collins, Colorado. The purposes of <br />this workshop included (1) "to formulate the instream flow targets the <br />Service will use in fulfilling its legislated responsibilities in the central <br />Platte River Valley ecosystem ", and (2) "to prioritize these instream flow <br />targets by season and by normal, wet, and dry years ". This document <br />includes Table 1 quantifying instream flow recommendations ( "targets ") <br />for average, wet, and dry years for the central Platte River, excluding <br />pulse flows. <br />June 10, 1994 Memoradum of Agreement for the Central Platte River Basin Endangered <br />to Species Recovery Implementation Program is entered into by the <br />Department of the Interior and the states of Colorado, Nebraska, and <br />Wyoming, "to initiate the development of a mutually acceptable Program <br />that would help conserve and recover federally listed species associated <br />with the Platte River Basin in Nebraska upstream of the confluence with <br />the Loup River; help protect designated critical habitat for such species; <br />and help prevent the need to list more basin associated species pursuant to <br />the Endangered Species Act." <br />August 3, 1994 Pulse Flow Requirements for the Central Platte River is prepared by <br />David Bowman and Dave Carlson, USFWS, presenting the results of a <br />workshop held May 16 -20, 1994, at the Midcontinent Ecological Science <br />Center of the National Biological Survey in Fort Collins, Colorado. The <br />purpose of the workshop was to "determine the pulse, or peak, flows <br />needed to achieve the Service's flow - dependent goal for the central Platte <br />River Valley ecosystem." "Pulse flow recommendations" are presented in <br />Tables 2 and 3 of this document. These include both high flow events <br />(above 12,000 cfs and 16,000 cfs) that last about five days and aren't <br />expected to occur in the average year ( "peak flows" as defined here); more <br />moderate flows of 2,000 to 3,600 cfs lasting a week to a month and <br />recommended in February /March or May /June most years ( "annual pulse <br />flows" as defined here); and 10 -year running mean recommendations for <br />0 11 <br />