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50° 1400 1300 120° 71'6'
<br />110° For additional information:
<br />Michael Dettinger
<br />O >20 days earlier c9 0, CO U.S. Geological Survey
<br />45° a 15 -20 0 0 ( Scripps Institution of Oceanography
<br />O 10 15 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0224
<br />o 5 -10 O oo, La Jolla, CA 92093 -0224
<br />40° <10 �a (858)822 -1507 or
<br />O 5 -10 days later ) 0m U p �,E') mddettin @usgs.gov
<br />® 10.15 �;
<br />e 15-10 a References
<br />35° a >20
<br />oa " Cayan, D.R., Kammerdiener, S., Det-
<br />e ` d? tinger, M.D., Caprio, J.M. and Peter -
<br />1400 1200 son, D.H., 2001, Changes in the onset
<br />of spring in the western United States:
<br />p Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 82, 399 -415.
<br />60° 00 4 0 0 Oo a� ao Dettinger, M.D. and Cayan, D.R., 1995,
<br />8 O Large -scale atmospheric forcing of
<br />0 E �' recent trends toward early snowmelt in
<br />eq cp o California: J. Clim. 8, 606 -623.
<br />50° 0 >20 days earlier R Knowles, N. and Cayan, D., 2002, Poten-
<br />• 15 -20 tial impacts of climate change on the
<br />O 10 -15 o Sacramento /San Joaquin watershed
<br />5 -10 and the San Francisco estuary: Geo-
<br /><10 o physical Research Letters 29, No. 18,
<br />400 <J 5 -10 days later 1891, doi:10.1029/2001GL014339.
<br />a 10 -15 a e°
<br />e 15 -10 t c9g Mantua, N.J., Hare, S.R., Zhand, Y., Wal-
<br />• >20 `o O lace, J.M., and Francis, R.C., 1997, A
<br />bj CID Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation
<br />with impacts on salmon production:
<br />Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, p. 1069 -
<br />Figure 4. Trends in (a) yearly dates of spring snowmelt onset and (b) centers of volume of yearly 1079.
<br />streamflow hydrographs in rivers throughout western North America, based on U.S. Geological
<br />Survey streamgages in the United States and an equivalent Canadian streamflow network. Large Mote, P.W., 2003, Trends in snow water
<br />circles indicate sites with trends that differ significantly from zero at a 90- percent confidence equivalent in the Pacific Northwest
<br />level; small circles are not confidently identified. and their climatic causes. Geo-
<br />physical Research Letters, 30, DOI
<br />10.1029/2003GL01725 88.
<br />Peterson, T.C., and Vose, R.S., 1997,
<br />An overview of the Global Historical
<br />Climatology Network temperature data
<br />base: Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78,
<br />2837 -2849.
<br />Roos, M., 1991, A trend of decreasing
<br />snowmelt runoff in northern Califor-
<br />nia: Proc., 59th Western Snow Confer-
<br />ence, Juneau, AK, 29 -36.
<br />Stewart, I., Cayan, D.R., and Dettinger,
<br />M.D., 2004, Changes in snowmelt
<br />runoff timing in western North
<br />America under a `Business as
<br />Usual' climate change scenario:
<br />Climatic Change 62, 217 -232.
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