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gravel operations and the construction industry. The impacts of public recreation facilities <br />were documented through the recreation survey (section B.2). <br />D. Direct Economic Impacts <br />The direct economic impacts due to listing and critical habitat designation occur over several <br />economic sectors and are unique to particular stretches of the rivers. The direct economic <br />impacts were found to stem from both flow alterations and nonflow activity changes. Since <br />complete description of these impacts is beyond the scope of Volume I, they are described in <br />detail in Chapters II -9 and II -10 of Brookshire et al. (1993)4. <br />Table I -5 -1 presents the direct economic impacts for each State over the time for critical <br />habitat designation. For Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming, the <br />impacts are predominantly negative. For California, the impacts are all positive. For the <br />Colorado River Basin as a whole, the overall impacts are positive. For the livestock feed, <br />recreation and electric power sectors, the impacts are negative. The other crops, <br />non - petroleum mining, oil and gas production, construction, local amusement, and combined <br />manufacturing impacts are positive. The net effects of these offsetting direct impacts is that <br />the total direct impacts for the Colorado River Basin are positive. <br />4 In addition to the impacts reported prior to the public comment period, impacts to small electric power systems <br />and those arising from agricultural activities within the Navajo Nation Irrigation Project, in the San Juan Basin, have <br />been included in the current analysis. <br />I -26 <br />