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<br />PETERSEN AND PAUKERT
<br />TABLE 1.-Bioenergetic parameters derived from the peer-reviewed literature for cyprinids. Mass and temperature are
<br />the ranges studied or modeled. Abbreviations are as follows: CTO = optimal temperature for consumption; RTO =
<br />optimal temperature for respiration; CTM = maximum temperature for consumption; RTM = maximum temperature
<br />for respiration; CQ and RQ = the rates at which the temperature function increases at relatively low water temperatures
<br />for consumption and respiration, respectively; CA and CB = the intercept and slope of the function for the maximum
<br />rate of consumption; and NA = not available from publication. See Text for more details.
<br />Temperature CTO, RTO CTM, RTM
<br />Species Mass (g) (°C) (°C) (°C)
<br />Bream Abramis brama 71-345 9-26 25.8b - 27 8b -
<br />Bleak Alburnus alburnus <1 20 - - - -
<br />Silver bream Blicca bjoerknae 111-211 9-26 25.8b, - 27.8b, -
<br />Gibel Carassius auratus gibelio 857-1,144 9-26 25.8b, - 27.8b, -
<br />Common carp Cyprinus carpio 473-1,331 9-26 25.8b, - 27.8b, -
<br /> 800-1,200 6-15 - - -, -
<br />Utah chub Gila atraria <1-41 6-22 -,22 -, 24b
<br />Mohave tui chub Gila bicolor mohavensis NA 18-30 -, 32d -, 35
<br />Northern redbelly dace Phoxinus eos 1-3 5-24 26,29 29, 32
<br />Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus <3.0 5-15 15b, 15b 17b, 17b
<br />Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas <1-6 20-25 24.0, 28.0 30.0, 33.0
<br />Northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis 500-2,000 5-21 29.9, 21b 27.0, 23b
<br />Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius 1-3 15-30 25,- 30,-
<br />Speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus <1-7 6-22 -, 18 -, 20b
<br />Roach Rutilus rutilus 20-239 9-26 25.8b, - 27.8b, -
<br /> 20-70 10-21 27, 30 30,33
<br />s 1, Black and Bulkley (1985); 2, Cech et al. (1994); 3, Cui and Wooton (1988a; 1988b; 1989a; 1989b); 4, Duffy (1998); 5, He (1986);
<br />6, Hofer et al. (1982; 1985); 7, Horppila and Peltonen (1997); 8, Keckeis and Schiemer (1990; 1992); 9, McClanahan et al. (1986); 10,
<br />Petersen and Ward (1999); 11, Rajagopal and Kramer (1974); 12, Specziar (2002); 13, Stecyk and Farrell (2002); 14, Vigg and Burley
<br />(1991).
<br />b No observed maximum in study; optimum was the highest tested or observed temperature; maximum was optimum plus 2°C.
<br />e Also known as Abramis bjoerkna.
<br />d Estimate.
<br />e Active oxygen consumption.
<br />model warm- and cool-water species such as yel-
<br />low perch Perca flavescens, fathead minnow Pi-
<br />mephales promelas, dace Phoxinus spp., large-
<br />mouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and small-
<br />mouth bass M. dolomieu (Kitchell et al. 1977; Rice
<br />et al. 1983; Duffy 1998). Specific dynamic action
<br />(SDA) was assumed to be 0.15 (He 1986; Shuter
<br />and Post 1990). We assumed that egestion, F, and
<br />excretion, E, were constant proportions (0.1) of
<br />consumption (Hanson et al. 1997; Duffy 1998).
<br />Since species-specific parameters were not
<br />available for humpback chub, a Monte Carlo fil-
<br />tering method was used to develop and test model
<br />parameters (Rose et al. 1991; Petersen and Ga-
<br />domski 1994). Monte Carlo filtering is a procedure
<br />for randomly sampling within a range of parameter
<br />values in a model, running the simulation model
<br />with these parameter values to produce some out-
<br />put, and statistically comparing the output to a test
<br />criterion, which may be from field or laboratory
<br />studies (Rose et al. 1991). If model output is not
<br />different from the test criterion, then the particular
<br />parameter value or set of parameter values are as-
<br />sumed to be acceptable. Numerous iterations of
<br />the simulation model can be conducted, each with
<br />a different random set of parameter values, even-
<br />tually generating many sets of parameter values.
<br />To decide on the final parameter values among the
<br />acceptable sets, central tendency, ranking, or other
<br />techniques can be applied.
<br />We first assumed that taxonomic relationships,
<br />especially fish in the same genus as humpback
<br />chub, could be used to set the upper and lower
<br />bounds on parameters for consumption and res-
<br />piration in a bioenergetics model. Peer-reviewed
<br />literature was surveyed for energetic studies on
<br />cyprinids, particularly those studies that contained
<br />allometric and temperature-dependent functions or
<br />data. From this literature, we collated as many of
<br />the specific parameters as possible, along with the
<br />size range of fish studied and the temperature over
<br />which experiments were conducted (Table 1). For
<br />some studies we were able to use data in tables or
<br />figures to calculate specific parameters. Tabulated
<br />parameter values for Gila spp. were used to es-
<br />tablish upper and lower bounds for Monte Carlo
<br />filtering. Because we did not have bounds on all
<br />parameters for Gila spp. (Table 1), we used fathead
<br />minnow as the next most "similar" species, know-
<br />ing that fathead minnow is successful in the lower
<br />TABLE 1.-E)
<br />Bream Abramis br
<br />Bleak Alburnus al.
<br />Silver bream Blicc
<br />Gibel Carassius a
<br />Common carp Cyl
<br />Utah chub Gila at
<br />Mohave tui chub
<br />Northern redbelly
<br />Eurasian minnow
<br />Fathead minnow ]
<br />Northern pikernum,
<br />Colorado pikemiru
<br />Speckled dace Rhi
<br />Roach Rutilus ruti
<br />Colorado Rit
<br />niche in the
<br />merman 1983
<br />physiology as
<br />For develo
<br />model, the p,
<br />sumption and
<br />32°C (Tables
<br />of temperatur
<br />respiration pa
<br />suming that 1
<br />had evolved i
<br />TABLE 2.-R
<br />Parameters not
<br />Q10 approximat
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