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<br />Our results suggest that an increase in temperature will shift the seasonality of runoff, with peak <br /> <br /> <br />runoff occurring in May rather than June. This change reflects the fact that under higher temperatures more <br /> <br /> <br />precipitation falls as rain rather than snow, and snowmelt runoff occurs earlier in the year. This result has <br /> <br /> <br />been seen in several other regional studies (g,g. Gleick, 1986; Bultot, U., 1988). Moreover, because this <br /> <br /> <br />seasonal result is induced by changes in temperature, rather than more uncertain changes in precipitation, <br /> <br />the authors believe it is fairly robust. Temperature increases had a much smaller effect on the White River <br /> <br /> <br />than on the other basins, which is due to the lower elevation of the White River basin. The NWSRFS model <br /> <br /> <br />reduces evapotranspiration when snow is on the ground by an amount proportional to the areal snow cover. <br /> <br /> <br />Because a rise in temperature causes less ground to be covered with snow for fewer days out of the year, <br /> <br /> <br />evapotranspiration increases while runoff decreases. We would expect this effect to be most significant in <br /> <br />higher elevation basins which have proportionately more snow cover. This is in fact the case for the three <br /> <br /> <br />sub-~sins modeled here. The highest elevation basin, the East River at Almont, also shows the greatest <br /> <br /> <br />sensitivity to temperature increases. Overall. the Two-elevation model showed an even greater sensitivity <br /> <br /> <br />to changes in temperature, which may reflect a greater sensitivity to evapotranspiration, although it is difficult <br /> <br /> <br />to draw a comparison because of the vastly different scale of the Two-elevation model. On a percentage <br /> <br /> <br />basis. the sensitivity of runoff to temperature in the White River was less than one-half that in the Two- <br /> <br /> <br />elevation model. All four models showed nearly an equal sensitivity to changes in precipitation. Relative <br /> <br /> <br />seasonal changes are most significant for the East River, in which 10% and 20% increases in precipitation <br /> <br /> <br />increase the absolute variation in runoff between spring and fall months. The interpretation of NWSRFS <br /> <br /> <br />model results in this study must be tempered by three principal caveats. First, as described above. the <br /> <br />ability of the NWSRFS model to accurately simulate runoff under conditions of altered climate is subject to <br /> <br /> <br />some question. Secondly, all climate scenarios were applied on an annual basis. which may be a <br /> <br /> <br />reasonable approximation for temperature increases but undoubtedly skews seasonal precipitation patterns <br /> <br />which are likely to change dramatically under conditions of altered climate. Finally, the historical record was <br /> <br /> <br />limited to 35 years, which is too short to allow a substantive analysis of natural (non-greenhouse) variation. <br /> <br />39 <br />