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1981; Samson 1992; Smith and Rhodes 1992). Recovery, by definition, implies that at a minimum reestablished stocks will become self- sustaining. Genetics management goals were identified to meet this philosophy in maintaining the genetic diversity of listed and candidate fishes (See Box 1). Box 1. Philosophy and goals of the restoration and recovery program for genetics management of listed and candidate fishes. PHILOSOPHY • To maintain the genetic integrity of wild and captive-reared listed and candidate fishes and prevent losses of genetic diversity resulting from management interventions or lack of action. GENETICS MANAGEMENT GOALS 1. To prevent immediate extinction of any listed or candidate fish stocks. 2. Preserve genetic diversity of wild fish stocks so they may be restored when the limiting factors that caused population declines are reduced or eliminated. 3. To maintain genetic diversity in captive-reared listed and candidate species similar to that of wild stocks used as founders. C. Genetic Conservation . Genetic conservation of listed and candidate fishes will be implemented through three separate management documents: 1. Genetics Management Guidelines. These guidelines provide the conceptual framework of genetics management and rationale that will be employed to maintain genetic diversity of listed and candidate fish. They will also: (1) provide criteria for identification and characterization of stocks and for determining the status and trend of these stocks; (2) provide protocol for conserving the genetic variability in wild stocks; (3) define the need for captive-reared fish; (4) identify genetic risks associated with captive propagation; (5) provide breeding strategies for captive propagation; 6) describe how to select founders for broodstock development; (7) describe how to estimate the number of fish required to produce broodstocks; and (8) discuss ways to maximize the effective population size in captive broodstocks. 0