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1 <br /> <br />The necessity of controlling water levels is apparent after <br />almost a year with little or no outflow from the wetlands. <br />The ability to control water levels is vital in addressing <br />the issues of razorback sucker habitat quality, non-native <br />fish control, mosquito habitat, and flooding of adjacent <br />lands and visitor facilities. Future water control <br />structures will have to include a design to exclude beavers <br />or minimize the effects of beavers on the outlet function. <br />Beaver populations will remain on the Preserve. However, <br />population densities of beavers may be regulated. <br />Conclusion: It is important to continue water management <br />experiments in order to understand the impacts of various <br />scenarios on the wetlands and flooded bottomlands. <br />D. WILDLIFE <br />A variety of wildlife species utilize habitat within the <br />Preserve. Wildlife species within the Preserve include residents <br />and transients. Some species may use the Preserve seasonally or <br />only periodically, depending on the habitats available within the <br />Preserve. The following is a description of wildlife occurring <br />within the Preserve. <br />1. Invertebrates <br />Two studies conducted in 1993 indicate that the Preserve <br />wetlands are characterized by high invertebrate production. <br />Cooper (1994) characterized the invertebrate community <br />concentrating on the availability of forage for endangered <br />fish. Kingsley (1993, included in Appendix D) characterized <br />the mosquito population and habitats found in the Preserve. <br />Both studies are summarized below: <br />(a) Forage for Razorback Sucker <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Chironomids and Crustaceans, Cladocera and Copepoda, <br />are important food for larval and juvenile fish <br />(Grabowski and Hiebert 1989, Marsh and Langhorst 1988). <br />Cooper (1994) emphasized these taxa in his study of the <br />Preserve, but also included categories for other <br />invertebrates. Cooper found, as expected, that the <br />riverine environment is not as productive as the <br />wetlands. Cladocera and Copepoda are abundant in the <br />Preserve wetlands, with low numbers in the riverine <br />communities. Chironomids occur as benthic organisms in <br />wetlands and riverine communities. Chironomids <br />represent the largest percentage of riverine organisms. <br />Among the sampling stations, the north pond had the <br />highest invertebrate production, probably because of <br />20 <br />