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<br />found in the area containing isolated salt springs where the , <br />Paradox formation is near the surface. The Paradox <br />Formation is located stratigraphically below the Windgate t <br />Formation. <br />A sodium chloride plume is found extending from east to west ' <br />across the northern portion of the Preserve. The highest <br />concentrations occur near Ferrell Gas where apparently <br />nearly pure sodium chloride brine is being discharged to the <br />alluvial valley floor. This source may be natural or ' <br />related to the gas storage operations of Ferrell Gas. <br />Natural gas is stored in salt caverns below the Preserve. <br />Salt water is extracted during operations and stored in ' <br />above ground ponds. The source of the sodium chloride is <br />either the presence of a natural spring, leakage from the <br />water storage ponds, as a result of storage operations, or a <br />combination of both. ' <br />Vegetation changes from non-salt tolerant species to salt <br />tolerant species in the area of the plume are visible in <br /> <br />historic aerial photographs dating from 1950. This could be ' <br />the result of increased salinity from gas storage operations <br />started in the early 1960s or from the reduced frequency of <br /> <br />flooding by the Colorado River also during the same time ' <br />period. Flood waters may have functioned to flush salt from <br />the Preserve. The presence of extremely high concentrations <br />of sodium chloride in the northern portion of the Preserve ' <br />precludes the use of this area for razorback sucker habitat. <br />Maintenance of water flows in the southern wetlands is <br />recommended to contain the plume in the northern portion of <br /> <br />the Preserve. ' <br />Further investigations of water quality are needed which <br /> <br />should include: identifying the source of sodium chloride , <br />and winter water quality in the wetlands, particularly DO <br />levels <br /> <br />Conclusion: Wetland waters may be suitable for young <br />razorback suckers. The northern half of the Preserve where <br />the salt plume occurs is unsuitable for razorback sucker <br /> <br />habitat. ' <br />4. Wetland Management <br />Current management of wetlands within the Preserve is being t <br />conducted experimentally to better understand the dynamics <br />of the wetland system. Beavers have been allowed to block ' <br />the southern outlet structure. This structure consists of a <br />36 inch culvert with a headgate. It is the only water <br />control structure on the Preserve. ' <br />19 <br />