7086

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7086
• Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Title: Indexed, Annotated Bibliography of the Endangered and Threatened Fishes of the Upper Colorado River System.
• USFW Year: 1977.
• USFW - Doc Type: Denver, Co.
• Copyright Material: YES

49. Behnke, R. J.
cutthroat
drainages
S. Bureau
Junction,
1976. Report on collections of STOCKING
trout from Parachute Creek DISTRIBUTION
Garfield County, Colorado. U. ENDANG. FISH
of Land Management, Grand DESCRIPTION
Colorado. 7 pp. PARACHUTE CR.
5
Stocking history of Parachute Creek drainage is
presented. Fish currently collected. from
Northwater Creek are good representatives of
Salmo clarki pleuriticus. Only slight hybrid
influence is apparent in East Fork. Other
subdrainages in Parachute Creek basin show
distinct evidence of hybridization. A compari-
son of characteristics is presented for fish
from Northwater Creek, East Middle Fork of
Parachute Creek, East Fork of Parachute Creek,
Cunningham Creek, and Nickelson Creek, in the
Fryingpan drainage and Baker Creek and the
Colorado River headwaters in Rocky Mountain
National Park and for Trapper's Lake.
50. Behnke, R. J. 1977. Livestock grazing impact HABITAT ALT.
on stream fisheries: problems and suggested GRAZING
solutions. Colorado State University, MANAGEMENT
Fort Collins. 10 pp. (mimeo)
Depending on several factors, the impact of
livestock grazing on a trout stream and its
trout populations can vary from nil or even
beneficial to devastating. At high elevations
with a short grazing season-and with a riparian
vegetation of conifers or large woody plants
providing a dense and deep root system, and
where forage and water is well dispersed
throughout the allotment, reasonable livestock
densities should have little, if any, negative
impact. In meadow areas where dense stands of
willows may completely encase small headwater
streams, moderate grazing pressure may be
beneficial by opening sections of the stream to
sunlight and allowing angler access. The most
severe damage to streams from livestock grazing
typically occurs in grid and semi-arid foothill
regions where the tendency for livestock to
concentrate along stream bottom lands is
greatly magnified, because by mid-summer, such
areas hold the only water and green vegetation
of the allotment. At this time there are no
effective guidelines to follow in BLM or USFS
grazing allotments to allow for grazing while
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