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1985b). Individuals stocked and/or populations established under <br />this recovery effort are classified as "nonessential <br />experimental" under section 10(j) of the ESA, as amended (Federal <br />Register Vol. 50(142);30188-30195). Nonessential populations are <br />not essential to survival of the species and are not afforded <br />protection under Section 7 of the ESA. <br />This annual report summarizes activities of reintroduction <br />and monitoring of Colorado squawfish in Arizona during 1985. In <br />addition recommendations are made regarding conduct of this <br />program in order to maximize information gathering on life <br />history requirements, species interactions and recovery prospects <br />for Colorado squawfish in the lower Colorado River basin. <br />Study Area <br />The upper Salt and Verde rivers are contrasting <br />environments. Much of the Salt River is in a canyon with <br />considerable topographic relief. Small, ephemeral backwaters are <br />present (depending on flow) and deep pools, shallow riffles and <br />long, deep runs are common. The Verde River course is, on the <br />other hand, through topography with less relief. Channel braids <br />large, unshifting backwaters and finer substrates are more <br />common. Tributaries for both systems are more comparable, <br />generally draining narrow canyons and valleys and subject to <br />frequent flash flooding. Uppermost reservoirs that begin drastic <br />modification of riverine conditions are Roosevelt Lake on the <br />Salt and Horseshoe Lake on the Verde. '• <br />-3- <br />