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survival relationship was also different as the best fit model included a linear term for the <br />covariate fish TL but not a quadratic term. An exploratory analysis revealed that an added <br />quadratic term was positive, which indicated the slope continued to rise, rather than decline, <br />unlike survival relationship plotted for 2000-2003 data. Mean probabilities of capture for fish <br />used in the above survival analyses were higher in the 2000 to 2003 period compared to the 1991 <br />to 1999 period. <br />Probabilities of capture.--Capture probabilities for Colorado pikeminnow generated from <br />abundance estimation data also demonstrated a strong quadratic effect of size (parameter values <br />and their SE's for TL and TL2 terms are TL = 0.2392, SE = 0.0845; TLZ = -0.1904, SE = 0.0526; <br />intercepts for the individual reaches and their SE's are in Table 8). This is because small and <br />large fish had relatively low capture probabilities and fish from about 500 to 600-mm TL had the <br />highest ones (e.g., Fig. 10, Yampa River used as representative example of variation). It should <br />be noted that estimated probabilities of capture are potentially a function of fish abundance as <br />well as other factors (e.g., behavior or habitat use) that may make fish in a certain size class more <br />or less available for capture. Thus, the most common size class in a population does not <br />necessarily have the highest probability of capture. An intuitive explanation to understand how <br />capture probabilities are used to generate abundance estimates is to simply divide the number of <br />animals in the capture sample by the probability of capture, given the unlikely but simplifying <br />assumption that all animals at risk of capture in the population have identical probabilities of <br />capture. For example, if 100 animals are captured in a sample and the animals have a known and <br />constant probability of capture of 0. 10, there must be 1,000 animals in the population (100/0.10 = <br />1,000). In this example, each fish in the capture sample contributes equally to the abundance <br />estimate. This assumption of non-heterogeneity among individual capture probabilities is <br />32