7112

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7112
• Author: Minckley, C. O.
• Title: Fishes of Arizona.
• USFW Year: 1973.
• USFW - Doc Type: Arizona State University,
• Copyright Material: YES

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'Figure 8. San Carlos River, Gila and ~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~•~ k •- ~~ ~ ~~
j elevation stream with considerable Graham counties, Arizona• an intermediate.
? pool-riffle development.
of parts of eastern United States, with pronounced pool-riffle develo
ment, gravelly bottoms, and slow to moderate currents (Fig, 8)
P
Major reservoirs, lakes, and ponds (the last including innumerable
permanent or semi-permanent stock-waterin
~ constitute aquiet-water habitat rare in Arizona tprior~to caucasoidema~n's
~~ development of the region. As with the streams, lake habitats range from
'+ cold bodies of water in montane situations, to hot, shallow, saline dese
I pools, and the predominately-introduced fishes that live in them a ~
similarly diversified. Cole (1963, )968) summarized much of the available
i information on re
physical chemical, and biological features of standing
waters in Arizona, and should be consulted for #unher details.
The largest standing bodies of water in Arizona, lakes Powell, Mead,
Mohave, and Havasu (the first of which is mostly in Utah; Map 2), all
F are formed by impoundment of the Colorado River mainstream. These are
used for power generation and irrigation, plus domestic water su lie
end ever-increasing recreational activities. Four im
Salt River are similarly used (Roosevelt A ache pp s
lakes). Major features of these reservoirs at poundm~nts on the
p ,Canyon, and Saguaro
fluctuation in water levels, strong summer stratf ication Iincltem eratued
and very complex chemical attributes resulting from factors of input from
the streams, evaporation, and currents resulting from inflows and re,
withdrawal from the deeper strata of the lakes. Other large reservoiorm
on the Verde, Gila, and Bill Williams rivers, are even more fluctuant, or
are relatively new, and have hardly been studied.
Small reservoirs are generally most common at intermediate and
high elevations, and have been developed in many instances s ecific
p ally
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