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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
8234
Author
Marsh, P. C. and M. E. Douglas
Title
Predation by Introduced Fishes on Endangered Humpback Chub and Other Native Species in the Little Colorado River, Arizona
USFW Year
1997
USFW - Doc Type
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
Copyright Material
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229 <br />changes in species composition. Construction dis- <br />turbance of the river channel, habitat conditions of <br />the reservoir, and changes in conditions below the <br />dam all appeared to favor proliferation of certain <br />non-native species. The final provision of the bio- <br />logical opinion issued for the Taylor Draw Reser- <br />voir Project (U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish <br />and Wildlife Service, 20 May 1982) required devel- <br />opment of a fishery in Kenney Reservoir that would <br />not compete with endangered species in the White <br />River. While agency stocking programs empha- <br />sized a salmonid fishery to accommodate this provi- <br />sion, local enthusiasm for warmwater sport fishes <br />resulted in illicit introductions of warmwater sport <br />fishes from nearby impoundments in both Colora- <br />do and Utah. In this paper we document these <br />changes in the ichthyofauna in the White River, <br />Colorado, following the construction of Taylor <br />Draw Dam and formation of Kenney Reservoir. <br />Study area <br />The White River was one of the few remaining free- <br />flowing tributaries in the entire Colorado River Ba- <br />sin (Stanford & Ward 1986a). A major tributary in <br />the Green River subbasin (Fig. 1), the White River <br />drains more than 13 000 km' in Colorado and Utah. <br />The White River flows about 400 km from its <br />source in Colorado's Flattop Mountains to its con- <br />fluence with the Green River at Ouray. Utah. Loca- <br />tions along the river were demarcated as river ki- <br />lometers (RK) upstream from its confluence with <br />the Green River. <br />Taylor Draw Dam was completed on the White <br />River in October 1984, about 16 km east of Rangely, <br />Colorado, at RK 167.8. Kenney Reservoir, which <br />filled by January 1985, inundated about 10 km of the <br />river (to RK 176.9; Fig. 1). The reservoir was origi- <br />nally 275 ha. had a maximum depth of 15.2 m. and a <br />volume of 17 million cubic meters of water at a max- <br />imum elevation of 1620 meters above sea level; <br />however, these capacities have decreased an unde- <br />termined amount due to sediment deposition, par- <br />ticularly in the upper portion of the reservoir <br />(Trammell 1991). Kenney Reservoir is about 8 km <br />long and 1.2 km at its widest point. Aside from im- <br />poundment, the dam's influence on hydrologic and <br />thermal conditions in the White River were subtle <br />(Chart & Bergersen 1992). <br />Fish collections were made from RK 115.5, the <br />Colorado/Utah stateline, to RK 184.6, about 9 km <br />above the reservoir basin. The White River in this <br />area ranged in width from 20 to 50 m. Channel sub- <br />strates were primarily cobble and rubble in flowing <br />areas and silt and sand in slower moving sections. <br />The hydrologic regime is characterized by extremes <br />in flow, with highest discharge during snowmelt in <br />spring and early summer, and lowest in late summer <br />and early fall. Turbidities of the river are typically <br />high in spring and during summer rainstorms. Sum- <br />mer water temperatures exceed 20° C, and the envi- <br />ronment has been described as coolwater/warmwa- <br />ter (Martinez', McConnell et al.'). This segment of <br />the White River meanders through an agricultural <br />valley bordered by low rocky hills. Near the Col- <br />orado/Utah state line, surrounding lands become <br />more barren as the river flows through canyon ar- <br />eas. This topography supports vegetation charac- <br />teristic of this semi-arid region (Wullschleger 1990). <br />Investigations of the river's fish community in <br />Colorado in the years preceding construction of the <br />dam showed that native species dominated (Carl- <br />son et al.' and Tyus et al. 1982). Fish collections re- <br />ported in Carlson et al.' during 1975-1977 revealed <br />that seven native species comprised 94.0% of fishes <br />collected while five non-native species accounted <br />for 6.0%. Miller et al! recorded five native species <br />accounting for 75.8% of the ichthyofauna and six <br />non-native species comprising 24.2% in two <br />reaches included in our study area. Lanigan & Ber- <br />ry (1981) showed non-native species dominated fish <br />collections in Utah in 1978-1979, but native fishes <br />' McConnell. W.J., E.P. Bergersen & K.L. Williamson. 1984. <br />Habitat suitability index models: a low effort system for planned <br />coolwater and coldwater reservoirs (revised). U.S. Fish and <br />Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-82/10.3A, Fort Collins. 62 pp. <br />' Carlson, C.A., C.G. Prewitt. D.E. Snyder. E.J. Wick, E.L. <br />Ames & W.D. Fronk. 1979. Fishes and macroinvertebrates of the <br />White and Yampa River. Colorado. Biological Sciences Series 1. <br />Bureau of Land Management. Denver. 276 pp. <br />Miller. W.H., D.L. Archer. H.M. Tyus & K.C. Harper. 1982. <br />White River fishes study. Colorado River Fishery Project. U.S. <br />Fish and Wildlife Service. Salt Lake City. 23 pp.
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