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I, ~I I 6 METHODS Information from 133 papers about interactions between native and nonnative fishes in the upper basin was categorized based on the above outline from Taylor et al. (1984). When applicable, related information from the Lower Colorado River Basin (lower basin) or other drainages was included. Although the focus was on interactions with endangered species, interactions with other native fishes were included Only warm-water species were considered; coldwater, native trouts and their introduced relatives were not discussed because upper basin endangered fishes are not usually found in sympatry with coldwater fishes. Another source of information existed in the accumulated experience of biologists and other fishery professionals working within the Colorado River Basin. Their perspective of the issue was obtained to supplement the literature review. This included their knowledge of relevant unpublished data or in-house agency reports not readily available. A questionnaire concerning the issue of impacts of nonnative fishes on native fish was developed to acquire related information from sources of biological expertise present in the Colorado River Basin (Appendix A). This approach was a modified Delphi technique for acquiring consensus from existing experts in a particular field (Zuboy 1981). The approach used here departed from that described in Zuboy (1981) because the objective was to query biologists and look for consensus on various aspects of the issue. A draft questionnaire was developed and circulated among members of the Recovery Implementation Program Biology Committee in January 1990 for comment. The finalized questionnaire included participant background information and 17 questions. It was sent 24 April 1990, to 40 persons in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada representing fish management and endangered fish research expertise in the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW), Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), New Mexico Game and Fish Department (NMGF), Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGF), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), National Park Service (NPS), Colorado State University (CSU), University of New Mexico (UNM), Arizona State University (ASU), and Bio West, Inc. A reminder notice with questionnaire was sent 24 September 1990, to non-respondents. Responses from participants were compiled for background data and consensus or majority opinions for each question were identified.