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<br />Joseph H. Connell
<br />
<br />to be attractive to the predator, and they
<br />may compete then. However, as they grow
<br />larger, they will be eaten unless they have
<br />a refuge where they are safe. If their habi-
<br />tat is patchy, e.g., small lakes or islands,
<br />they may colonize some patches before
<br />the predators reach them. Most smaller
<br />species have a refuge, permanent or tem-
<br />porary.
<br />Since predation seems to be more in-
<br />tense in more benign physical conditions,
<br />competition should be prevented more
<br />regularly in more benign regimes. Escapes
<br />f~om predation and subsequent competi-
<br />lion would be more likely in harsher re-
<br />gimes.
<br />
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />
<br />I would like to thank the participants
<br />in the symposium for helpful comments
<br />on this paper. In addition, the often pun-
<br />gent criticisms by S. J. Arnold, S. Avery,
<br />J. J. Childress, J. D. Dixon, E. P. Ebs-
<br />worth, M. H. Fawcett, S. G. Fuzessery,
<br />R. P. Howmiller, P. S. McNulty, W. W.
<br />Murdoch, A. Oaten, C. P. Onuf, J. C.
<br />Roth, S. J. Rothstein, S. C. Schroeter,
<br />R. O. Slatyer, W. P. Sousa, and T. C.
<br />Tutschulte contributed substantially to
<br />clarifying the manuscript.
<br />My ideas about some of the problems
<br />discussed here benefited immensely from
<br />arguments I had with Robert MacArthur.
<br />
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