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<br />"
<br />
<br />"
<br />
<br />,
<br />
<br />
<br />risks and benefits, that may be appropriate for conserva-
<br />tion of a particular endangered fish population. Further-
<br />more, understanding its strengths and limitations, and
<br />their alignment with specific requirements for persistence
<br />of individual fish populations is critical for applying con-
<br />servation aquaculture successfully. Of equal importance to
<br />the success of any conservation aquaculture program is the
<br />timing of its implementation relative to the demographic
<br />and genetic status of the population to be conserved. Anx-
<br />iety about choosing the "best" fisheries conservation or
<br />management programs is natural and understandable, but
<br />it is the responsibility of fisheries professionals to ensure
<br />that objective science prevails over risk anxiety when
<br />assessing the use of aquaculture for conservation and
<br />recovery of endangered fish populations....
<br />
<br />Acknowledgments
<br />
<br />I thank Ernie Brannon, Matthew and Stirling Camp-
<br />bell, Harold Kincaid, Madison Powell, and Rick Wester-
<br />hof for insightful discussion and comments on earlier
<br />drafts of this paper. I also thank Don MacDonald and
<br />two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful com-
<br />ments on the manuscript.
<br />
<br />References
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<br />Allendorf, F. W., and N. Ryman. 1987. Genetic management
<br />of hatchery stock: past, present and future. Pages 141-159
<br />
<br />
<br />portable
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Digital split-beam/single-beam hydroacoustic system.
<br />Portable, compact, lightweight, 115 VAC or 12 volt-battery powered.
<br />User-friendly MS Windows95 interface.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Single frequency of 120 kHz, 200 kHz, or 420 kHz.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Samples one or two transducers (either slow or fast multiplexing).
<br />
<br />Optional FM Slide/Chirp for up to 15dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio.
<br />
<br />Digital Echo Sounder, Echo Processor, Chart Recorder, Data Tape
<br />Interface, and Multiplexer in a single compact enclosure.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Real-time simultaneous echo integration, target strength,
<br />target tracking, echo counting, and target velocity.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />Remote operation over modem.
<br />
<br />. .
<br />
<br />IneXpenSiVe
<br />
<br />in N. Ryman and F. Utter, eds. Population genetics and
<br />fisheries management. Washington Sea Grant Publications,
<br />University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
<br />Anders, P. J. 1997. The need for objective assessment of con-
<br />servation aquaculture. Fisheries 22(5):46.
<br />Brannon, E. L. 1993. The perpetual oversight of hatchery pro-
<br />grams. Fishery Research 18:19-27.
<br />Flagg, T. A., J. L. Mighell, T. E. Ruehle, L. W. Harrell, V.
<br />Conrad, and W. Mahnken. 1991. Cle Elum Lake restora-
<br />tion and feasibility study: fish husbandry research. Bon-
<br />neville Power Administration Report, Contract No. DE-
<br />AI79-86BP64840, Portland, OR.
<br />Gilpin, M. E. and M. E. Soule. 1986. Minimum viable popula-
<br />tions: processes of species extinction. Pages 19-34 in M. E.
<br />Soule, ed. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and
<br />diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
<br />Lacy, R. C. 1987. Loss of genetic diversity from managed popula-
<br />tions: Interacting effects of drift, mutation, immigration, selec-
<br />tion, and population subdivision. Conserv. BioI. 1:143-158.
<br />Lande, R., and G. F. Barrowclaw. 1987. Effective population size,
<br />genetic variation, and their use in population management.
<br />Pages 69-87 in M. E. Soule, ed. Viable populations for conser-
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<br />Soule, M. E. 1985. What is conservation biology? Bioscience
<br />35:727-734.
<br />-, ed. 1987. Viable populations for conservation. Cam-
<br />bridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
<br />Waples, R. 1991. Genetic interactions between hatchery and
<br />wild salmonids: lessons from the Pacific Northwest. Can. J.
<br />Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Supplement 1):124-133.
<br />
<br />compact
<br />
<br />Model 241 Portable Split-Beam System
<br />
<br />
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<br />Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc.
<br />715 NE Northlake Way
<br />Seattle, WA 98105
<br />(206) 633-3383
<br />FAX (206) 633-5912
<br />e-mail: hti@interserv.com
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<br />November 1998
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<br />Fisheries. 31
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