|
<br />P., Parasites of Freshwater Fishes, TFH Publi-
<br />cations, Inc., Neptune City, N.J., 1974,224 pp.;
<br />Reichenbach-Klinke, H., and Elkan, E., The
<br />Principal Diseases of Lower Vertebrates, Aca-
<br />demic Press, New York, 1965,600 pp.; Snieszko,
<br />S. F., ed., A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes
<br />and Shellfishes, Special Publication 5, American
<br />Fisheries Society, Washington, D.C., 1970, 526
<br />pp.; van Duijn, c., Jr., Diseases of Fishes, 3rd
<br />ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, l1l., 1973,
<br />
<br />~~l~ E 729
<br />
<br />309 pp.; Sindermann, C. ~., Principal Diseases
<br />of Marine Fish and Shellfish, Academic Press,
<br />New York, 1970,369 pp.
<br />(32) Brungs, W. A., and Mount, D. I., "A Device for
<br />Continuous Treatment of Fish in Holding
<br />Chambers, Transactions of the American Fish-
<br />eries Society, Vol. 96, 1967, pp. 55-57.
<br />(33) See also Compilation of ASTM Standard Defi-
<br />nitions, Am. Soc. Testing Mats., 1979.
<br />
<br />TABLE 1 Quantities of Reagent-Grade (14) Chemicals Required to Prepare Reconstituted Fresh Waters (28) and the
<br />Resulting Water Qualities
<br />
<br /> Salts Required, mg/L
<br />Name CaS04.
<br /> NaHC03 2H2O MgS04 KCl
<br />Very soft 12 7.5 7.5 0.5
<br />Soft 48 30.0 30.0 2.0
<br />Hard 192 120.0 120.0 8.0
<br />Very hard 384 240.0 240.0 16.0
<br />
<br />pHA pHB Hardness" Alkalinity"
<br />6.7-6.9 6.4-6.8 10-13 10-13
<br />7.3-7.5 7.2-7.6 40-48 30-35
<br />7.8-8.0 7.6-8.0 160-180 110-120
<br />8.0-8.2 8.0-8.4 280-320 225-245
<br />
<br />A Approximate equilibrium pH after aeration.
<br />B Approximate equilibrium pH after aeration and with fish in water.
<br />C Expressed in mg/L as CaCO".
<br />
<br />TABLE 2 Quantities of Reagent-Grade Chemicals to be
<br />Added to Aerated Soft Reconstituted Fresh Water for
<br />Buffering pH
<br />Non- The solutions should not be aerated after addition
<br />of lhese chemicals.
<br />
<br />Millilitres of Solution for 15 L of Water
<br />
<br />pH^
<br />
<br />l.0 N
<br />NaOH So-
<br />lution
<br />
<br />l.OM
<br />KH,PO,
<br />Solution
<br />
<br />0.5 M
<br />H,BO" So-
<br />lution
<br />
<br />6.0
<br />6.5
<br />7.0
<br />7.5
<br />8.0
<br />8.5
<br />9.0
<br />9.5
<br />10.0
<br />
<br />1.3
<br />5.0
<br />19.0
<br />
<br />80.0
<br />30.0
<br />30.0
<br />
<br />19.0
<br />6.5
<br />8.8
<br />1l.0
<br />16.0
<br />
<br />20.0
<br />
<br />40.0
<br />30.0
<br />20.0
<br />18.0
<br />
<br />A Approximate equilibrium pH with fish in water.
<br />
<br />TABLE 3 Reconstituted Salt Water (29)
<br />
<br />Add the following reagent-grade (14) chemicals in the
<br />amounts and order listed to 890 mL of water. Each chemical
<br />must be dissolved before the next is added:4
<br />
<br />Chemical
<br />
<br />Amount
<br />
<br />NaF
<br />SrCt,.6H20
<br />H,BO,
<br />KBr
<br />KCl
<br />CaC!, .2H,O
<br />Na,S04
<br />MgCt,.6H,O
<br />NaCl
<br />Na2SiO,.9H,O
<br />Na4EDTAB
<br />NaHCO,
<br />
<br />3 mg
<br />20mg
<br />30mg
<br />lOOmg
<br />700 mg
<br />1.47 g
<br />4.00 g
<br />10.78 g
<br />23.50 g
<br />20mg
<br />Img
<br />200 mg
<br />
<br />A If the resulting solution is diluted to I L, the salinity
<br />should be 34 :t 0.5 g/kg and the pH 8.0 :t 0.2. The desired
<br />test salinity is attained by dilution at time of use.
<br />B Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. This should
<br />be omitted when toxicity tests are conducted with metals.
<br />When tests are conducted with fish or mollusc larvae. zoo-
<br />plankton, or crustacea, the EDT A should be omitted, and
<br />the reconstituted salt water stripped of trace metals (30).
<br />
<br />21
<br />
|