7427

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7427
• Author: Hesse, L. W., G. R. Chaffin and J. Brabander
• Title: Missouri River Mitigation
• USFW Year: 1989
• USFW - Doc Type: A System Approach
• Copyright Material: YES

.tioo (SPA) (Missouri Basin St<ltcs As-
sociation 1985). These agencies con-
ceivably could function in a manner
similar to the Bonneville Power Admin-
istration, i.e., to pass along a portion
of the cost of fish and wildlife mitiga tion
to basin energy users. However, other
users such as barge and port operators,
irrigators, and floodplain developers
also could and should contribute to a
fish and wildlife recovery fund in direct
relationship to their use of and benefit
from the publicly constructed system.

Comments

Three great rivers drain the western
United States: the Columbia, the Col.
orado, and the Missouri. Man has dra-
matically changed the character of each,
in turn threatening the associated na-
tive fish and wildlife resources. The
Columbia River salmon declined dra-
matically, e.g., the commercial catch
declined from a peak of 22.7 million
kg to about 3.2 million kg between 1915
and 1975 (Northwest Power Planning
Council 1982). The Colorado River now
rarely flows to the Gulf of California;

inste<ld it dies an Mid and s<lline dL'ath
in the deserts of northern Mexico. D.lm
construction and W<lter withdr<lw<lls
have caused 26 of the 36 fish species
native to the Colorado basin to be
reviewed for inclusion on the federal
list of threatened and endangered spe-
cies. Sixty-four percent of Colorado
River native fish species were endemic
(Car/son and Muth 1989). The Missouri
River basin supports 156 native fish
species of which 33 are now listed as
rare, endangered, or threatened by ba-
sin states (Hesse et al. 1989). The annual
catch and species diversity of com-
mercial fish in the river in Missouri
declined at least 80% between 1947 and
1963 (Funk and Robinson 1974). The
remarkable fact that native species still
exist in the Missouri River Basin is a
tribute to the ability of these species to
adapt to change; but as exemplified by
the number of threatened species, ad-
aptation has not stemmed the decline.
Logical environmental stewardship
suggests that a course of action be
implemented prior to endangerment of
species,
In May 1988 the Northern Lights

Rescarch <lnd Education Institute, IIle.
sponsored <l symposium 011 the future
of the Missouri River. Citizens and
water experts from the basin prL'sellted
their views on long-term management
of the Missouri River. Among other
topics, the Northwest Electric Power
Planning and Conservation Act was
reviewed as a case history example for
basin decision makers to consider. The
coordinator of the Missouri River Nat-
ural Resources Committee summarized
his impression of the symposium dis-
cussion as follows: "It remains to be
seen whether the tissue will tear at the
perforation or not, but I could not help
but get the impression from the sym-
posium that there are many from rad-
ically different perspectives who are
willing to sit down and talk about issues
on the Missouri River. I sense an on-
going change in attitude from the pri-
marily upper basin single-minded per-
ception that the water must be divided,
allocated, and used to one of looking
at the mix of benefits that are possible
from the river. Basic truths are being
challenged, pat answers questioned,
and other uses (including noncon-

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Fisheries, Vol. 14, No.1