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SELEN[UM ["I RAZORBACK SUCKERS ["I GREE"I RIVER. CTAH l.+3 TABLE 4 Selenium Concentrations in Young Fish Exposed to Selenium in the Diet or Water and Adverse E/feets Observed Selenium exposure Exposure concentration route. species, (diet: ~g/g; Exposure period Whole-body weight (g) water: ~gi liter) Selenium fonn (day) selenium (~g!g) Effect Reference Diet Rainbow trout 79 9 Selenite" 294 "1Gb Mortality Goettl and Davies. 1978 1.3 13 Selenite' 80 5.2" Mortality and Hilton et al.. 1980 reduced growth 0.6 11-12 Selenite' 112 4.0-4.5' Kidney damage Hilton and Hodson. /983 Chinook salmon 4.2 26 J SlD" 34 8.4J Reduced migration Hamilton ec al.. 1986 - 1 9.6 SlD" 90 6.5 Mortality Hamilton eC at.. 1990 9.6 SEW 90 5.4 - 1 5.3 SlD" 90 4.0 Reduced growth Hamilton er al.. 1990 18.2 SEM" 90 10.8 Fathead minnow 0.12 20 Mix' 56 5.4 Reduced growth Ogle and Knight. 1989 0.0001 55-70 Rotifer! 7-9 43-61 Reduced growth Bennett eC al.. 1986 Striped bass 251 39 Fishk 80 15J.1 Mortality Coughlan and Velte. 1989 Bluegill Adult 13 SEM" 260 NG Reproductive failure Woock ec al., 1978 2.8 54 Mayfly" 44 31J.1 Mortality Finley. 1985 0.3 6.5 SEM" 60 4.2" Mortality Cleveland et al.. 1993 Adult 33 SEMh 140 19 Reproductive failure Coyle ec ai.. 1993 ~ 2.4 5.10 SEM" 180 5.5 Mortality lemly. 1993b Razorback sucker ~ 0.005 2.3-4.5 ZooplanktonP 30 3.6-14.3 Mortality Hamilton eC ai.. 1996 Water Rainbow trout 47 Selenite 60 5.2J Mortality Hunn ec al.. 1987 Chinook salmon 69 Mix. 60 3.8 Mortality Hamilton et (/1.. 1986: Hamilton and Wiedmeyer. 1990 Chinook salmon 143 Mix' 60 4.9 Reduced growth Hamilton ec ai., 1986: Hamilton and Wiedmeyer. 1990 Chinook salmon 67 Mixs 60 4.5 Mortality and Hamilton ec ai.. 1986: reduced growth Hamilton and Wiedmeyer. 1990 "Selenite: selenite incorporated in standard Colorado trout diet. b NG: not given. 'Selenite: selenite incorporated in a casin-torula yeast trout diet. "Derived from Fig. 2 in Hilton et ai., (1980). e Carcass. J Reported as wet weight and converted to dry weight assuming 75% moisture. g SLD: western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) collected from San Luis Drain. CA. used as fish meal portion in an Oregon moist pellet diet. "SEM: selenomethionine incorporated into diet. i Mix: 25% selenomethionine, 25% selenate, and 50% selenite incorporated in a fish food diet. ! Rotifer: rotifers fed selenium-laden algae. · Fish: red shiners (Norropis lutrensis) sieved weekly from Belews lake, NC, where they were chronically exposed to 10 ~g/ liter selenium and food-chain selenium under natural conditions. I Muscle tissue. '" Mayfly: burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia limbata) collected from Belews lake, "Ie. "Derived from Fig. 3 in Cleveland et al. (1993). o Included waterborne exposure to 4.8 ~g/Iiter selenium. P Zooplankton: zooplankton collected from Sheppard Bottom ponds l. 3. and 4 at Ouray NWR, UT. · Mix: 3023 ~giliter boron. 96 ~g/liter molybdenum. 69 ~g!liter selenium. and water simulating the San Joaquin River. CA. 'Mix: 6046 ~g/liter boron, 193 ~g/liter molybdenum. 143 ~g/liter selenium, and water simulating the San Joaquin River. CA. 'Mix: 2692 ~g; liter boron. 92 ~g!liter molybdenum, 67 ~g/liter selenium. and well water at Yankton, SD.