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a. absent on lateral and ventro-lateral surfaces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 17, 18, 44, 87) .......... 100 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-lateral surfaces (Fig. 45) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. discobo/us 100 (99). Principal dorsal fm rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 130 b. present with full (adult) complement clearly fonned and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently fonned when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 169 101 (1). Ventral midline from shortly behind heart region to near vent with a. ~1 melanophores in a continuous or nearly continuous line or narrow band (if midline pigment extends into bran- chial region anterior to heart, most probably C. commersoni) (Figs. 31, 73) 102 b. ~1 melanophores in a shorter or a distinctly discontinuous line (Fig. 45) .. 103 c. 7-']JJ melanophores (Fig. 17) . . . . . . .. 108 d. 1-6 melanophores (Fig. 59) . . . . . . . .. 111 e. no pigment (Fig. 87) ............. 114 102 (101). Gut (Fig. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 90" (gut phase 1) ....... C. p/atyrhynchus b. with at least 90" bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ............... 104 103 (101). Gut (Fig. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 900 (gut phase 1) ....... C. p/atyrhynchus b. with at least 90" bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ............... 104 c. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across ventral midline (gut phase 3) or with at least one limb of loop fully across ventral midline but not yet with both limbs across fully to opposite side (gut phase 4) ............ . . . . . . . C. discobolus 104 (80,81,102,103). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myo- meres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Figs. 30, 31) .................. C. commersoni b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline or (Figs. 72, 73) . . .. 105 c. no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 44, 45) .......................... 106 105 (104). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myo- meres mostly in a. single me (Figs. 31, 73) ........... 106 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups result- ing in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (Figs. 30, 59) ..... C. commersoni 106 (104,105). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-lateral surfaces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 30, 31) ....... C. commersoni b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces (Frg. 73) ..... 107 107 (30,106). Principal dorsal fm rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly fonned . 119 b. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fin rays are sufficiently fonned when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 164 108 (101). Gut (Frg. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 9Oto (gut phase 1) or with at least 9Oto bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ...................... 109 b. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across ventral midline (gut phase 3) or with at least one limb of loop fully across ventral midline but not yet with both limbs across fully to opposite side (gut phase 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. discobolus 109 (108). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces (FigS. 17,59) ............ 110 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral surfaces only (Frg. 18) ........ C. ardens 110 (109). Principal dorsal fin rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C. latipinnis b. present with full (adult) complement clearly fonned and countable (principal fin rays are sufficiently fonned when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 179 111 (101). Gut (Frg. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than goo (gut phase 1) or with at least 90" bend or partial s-sbaped loop (gut phase 2) ...................... III b. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither 62