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a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Fig. 17) ........................... 76 b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline or with no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 45, 87) ....... 77 76 (68.73,75). Principal dorsal fin rays a. absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. ardens b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly fonned . 130 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 183 77 (75). Gut (Fig. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 900 (gut phase 1) or with at least 900 bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ........................... 78 b. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across over ventral midline (gut phase 3) C. discobolus 78 (77). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-lateral sur- faces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 17, 18, 44, 87) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-lateral surfaces (Fig. 45) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. discobo/us 79 (71,74,78). Principal dorsal fm rays a. absent .................... C. ardens b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 127 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly fanned and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 169 80 (1). Ventral midline from shortly behind heart region to near vent with a. ?;21 melanophores in a continuous or nearly continuous line or narrow band (if midline pigment extends into bran- chial region anterior to heart, most probably C. commersoni) (Figs. 31, 73) 104 b. ~1 melanophores in a shorter or a distinctly discontinuous line (Fig. 45) . . . 81 c. 7-W melanophores (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . 87 d. 1-6 meJanophores (Fig. 59) . . . . . . . . . . 93 e. no pigment (Fig. 87) .............. 96 81 (80). Gut (Fig. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 90" (gut phase 1) ............ 104 b. with at least 9O"bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ................ 82 c. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across ventral midline (gut phase 3) or with at least one limb of loop fully across ventral midline but not yet with both limbs across fully to opposite side (gut phase 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. discobolus 82 (81). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Figs. 30, 31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. commersolli b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline or with no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 72, 73) ....... 83 83 (82). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myomeres mostly in a. single f1.le (Figs. 31, 33) ............ 84 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups resulting in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (Figs. 30, 59) C. commersoni 84 (83). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 30, 31, 44) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces (Figs. 45, 73) .,. 86 85 (84). Principal dorsal fm rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. commersoni b. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fID rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 161 86 (84). Principal dorsal fin rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 119 b. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fID rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists. of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defIDed) ............ 158 87 (80). Gut (Ftg. 5) 60