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b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline (Figs. 72, 73) ....... 50 c. no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 44, 45) ........................... 51 50 (49). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myo- meres mostly in a. single ftle (Figs. 31, 73) ............ 51 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups resulting in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (Figs. 30, 59) C. commersoni 51 (49,50). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 30, 31, 44) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces (Figs. 45, 73) ... 53 52 (51). Principal dorsal fm rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 116 b. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 161 53 (51). Principal dorsal fIn rays a. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 125 b. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ............ 167 54 (44). Gut (Fig. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 900 (gut phase 1) ................. 55 b. with at least 900 bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ................ 62 c. with full loop (s-shape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across over ventral midline (gut phase 3) C. discobolus 55 (54). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Figs. 17, 59) ........................... 56 b. distinctly shorter or discQntinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline (Fig. 16) .......... 59 c. no distinct lines of me1anophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 44, 45) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 56 (55). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myo- meres mostly in a. single ftle (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups resulting in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (Fig. 59) . . . . . . C. latipinnis 57 (56). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-Iateral sur- faces (Figs. 17,59) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral sur- faces only (Fig. 18) .......... C. ardens 58 (57). Principal dorsal fm rays a. absent ........................ 278 b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 150 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are suffIciently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ........ C. ardens 59 (55). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myo- meres mostly in a. single me (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups resulting in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (Fig. 59) . . . . . . C. latipinnis 60 (55,59). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventro-Iateral sur- faces (Figs. 17, 44, 59) ............. 61 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral sur- faces only (Fig. 18) ............... 64 c. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventro-Iateral surfaces (Fig. 45) .................. C.ducoboms 61 (60). Principal dorsal rm rays a. absent .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 278 b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 139 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fin rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well dermed) ............ 171 62 (54). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel 58