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36 (35). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventra-lateral surfaces (Figs. 17, 44) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral surfaces (Fig. 45) ... . . . . . . C. discobolus 37 (27). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Fig. 17) ... 38 b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline or with no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 45, 87) " . . . . . 40 38 (37). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventra-lateral sur- faces (Figs. 17, 87) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral surfaces (Fig. 45) ...... . . . . . X. texanus 39 (38). Principal dorsal fm rays a. absent ........................ 282 b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 130 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygio- phore, is well defmed) ........ C. ardens 40 (37). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventra-lateral surfaces (Figs. 17, 44, 87) ........... 41 b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral surfaces (Fig. 45) ................. 42 41 (40). Principal dorsal fm rays a. absent ........................ 282 b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 127 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fm rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygia- phore, is wen defined) ............ 171 42 (40). Principal dorsal fm rays a. absent ................... X. texanus b. present (at least one) but full comple- ment incomplete or unclearly formed . 133 c. present with full (adult) complement clearly formed and countable (principal fID rays are sufficiently formed when the last principal ray, which consists of two separate ray elements or "branches" based on the most posterior pterygia- phore, is wen dermed) ..... C. discobolus 43 (1). Yolk a. present ................. C. latipinnis b. absent '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 44 (43). Ventral midline from shortly behind heart region to near vent with a. ~1 melanophores in a continuous or nearly continuous line or narrow band (if midline pigment extends into bran- chial region anterior to heart, most probably C. commersoni) (Figs. 31, 73) . 45 b. ~1 melanophores in a shorter or a distinctly discontinuous line (F"J.g. 45) ., 48 c. 7-20 me1anophores (Fig. 17) . . . . . . . . . 54 d. 1-6 melanophores (Fig. 59) . . . . . . . . . . 65 e. no pigment (F"tg. 87) .............. 75 45 (44). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of me1anophores along (parallel to) each side of dorsal midline (Figs. 30, 31) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . C. commersoni b. distinctly shorter or discontinuous lines of melanophores along one or both sides of dorsal midline (Figs. 72, 73) . . . . . . . 46 c. no distinct lines of melanophores along either side of dorsal midline (Figs. 44, 45) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 46 (45). Melanophores in lines lateral (and parallel) to dorsal midline between head and 2/3 distance to last myo- meres mostly in a. single file (Figs. 31, 73) ............ 47 b. obliquely oriented pairs or groups result- ing in a "herring bone" or "tractor tread" pattern (FIgS. 30, 59) ..... C. commersoni 47 (45,46). Pigmentation of peritoneum a. absent on lateral and ventra-lateral surfaces or present on lateral surfaces only (Figs. 30, 31) ........c. commersoni b. at least sparse or patchy on lateral and ventra-lateral surfaces (Ftg. 73) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. plotyrhynchus 48 (44). Gut (Ftg. 5) a. essentially straight or with bend less than 90" (gut phase 1) or with at least 90" bend or partial s-shaped loop (gut phase 2) ....................... 49 b. with full loop (s-sbape to near anterior end of visceral cavity) but with neither limb of loop completely across ventral midline (gut phase 3) . . . . . . C. discobolus 49 (48). Dorsal surface lateral to midline from shortly behind head to about 2/3 distance to last myomeres with a. distinct continuous or nearly continuous lines of melanophores along (parallel to) each sidl( of dorsal midline (Figs. 30, 31) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. commersoni 57