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cal will and sa~tiv. We have to be deter-
<br />mined to have a healthy resource and
<br />work hard toward it, not only by fund-
<br />raising, lobbyingand litigation, but also
<br />by broadening public support~on-
<br />~incing more people to care as we do
<br />about the fishery resource. To do this,
<br />we need to involve people-involve
<br />them in the jays of fishing forwild trout,
<br />salmon and grayling in natal ~tl +raters.
<br />People inherently treasure natural
<br />beauty and have a sense of awe at Na-
<br />atre. The popularitti~ of stream fishing,
<br />birding, hiking, and Nature study in
<br />genet al may be increasing, but certainly
<br />not fast enough. To introduce wild fish
<br />in their proper surroundings to friends
<br />(importanth• children) is surely one of
<br />the most effective ways to develop val-
<br />uesand build support for the resource.
<br />Artd don't pass up chances to shot+-
<br />public officials a good time on your
<br />favorite fishing water. Then, im~olye the
<br />new enthusiasts in conservation efforts.
<br />~tiltat will it be% Human cleverness or
<br />Nature's wisdom? Unstable or stable
<br />systems? Convenient, counterfeit sim-
<br />plification or natural complexity?
<br />Production by costly artifice or bt~ self=
<br />sustaining Vature% Hatcher}' or wild
<br />fish: I think the long-term answers are
<br />clear from standpoints of practicality,
<br />economics, and quality of life for us all.
<br />Y1'ltat it boils down to is ethics, our
<br />collective sense of right and wrong. In
<br />choosing the ethical path in fishery
<br />management, we should carefulh~
<br />candle every present and proposed ac-
<br />tion-hold it «p to the light of the
<br />Evolutionary-Ecological Land F.thic and
<br />examine whether it will tend to "pre-
<br />serve the integrity, stability, anti tx:auri~
<br />of the biotic commtmity."Ifwe find that
<br />it will, then we should consider it to be
<br />of benefit, hence tight and we should
<br />proceed. If the evidence indicates that
<br />it "tends otherwise," we should con-
<br />sider it harmful and wTOng, and we
<br />should not do it.
<br />The evidence is that wild fish mat-
<br />ter-that they are indeed right because
<br />they, the ecosti•stems then thrn-e in, and
<br />management for them meet this stan-
<br />dard. The evidence is also that nongild
<br />fish and many of the hatcheries in which
<br />they are raised tend otherwise and
<br />should be considered harmful and
<br />unzTng. Ecological management fonaild
<br />fish is clearly the path to take .
<br />In a meeting of A}berta groups op-
<br />~sing a proposed darn on a u•out river,
<br />t a Peigan Indian tribal represent<t-
<br />e. His name w•as Milton Born-with-a-
<br />,ath, which may mean "born with a
<br />«~ for words."
<br />"You know," he said, `dye have been
<br />king about habitat mitigation. ~1'e
<br />ve been talking about native versus
<br />otic species. ~4e have been talking
<br />outwildyetsushatchervfish. flee have
<br />en calking about what to do if the
<br />m builders want to stock hatchery
<br />xrt to u-y to make up for what is lost.
<br />tt t+~hat we're really talking about is
<br />e hontY of the trout. That's what we
<br />ye to focus on. That home is what is in
<br />nger and must be: protected."
<br />He went on to speak of ecos~sterns as
<br />tcluen tl} as any ecolof~ist, but the word
<br />used was home-for bun a way of
<br />'wing the entire land and its +yaters.
<br />"brought house" to us that for trout,
<br />'his tribe, and for all of us, the tiger
<br />Mme is cool watt r; it is deep pools and
<br />~vel beds and silt bars; it is undercuts
<br />d thicketed alders anti tyillows or tall
<br />ttonwoods binding banks with
<br />ot•vork and toppling into the cut-rent
<br />make hiding places for trout A darn
<br />u}d destroy all of that.
<br />(fly mind ramb}eci to an olcl swing:
<br />home is more than a house." Phvsi-
<br />Ielements, yes, but also the presence
<br />oily, pets, neighbors, and other
<br />example, plants often seen
<br />~Iled, birds and insects often he
<br />he fields, woodlands and mars
<br />ond. Home means inter action ~
<br />nlx:rs >'ou are used t.o, behayioi
<br />pled to. 7ha1 borne, once t}u m
<br />;have died or dispersed, is the
<br />'ll Weyer find again.)
<br />Tilton Born ~sith-a-loodt concluc
<br />is is how t see the stream. It
<br />ne firr the fish. It is a home
<br />llife. It is a home for us. It is a he
<br />our culture..~re we destroying
<br />net Is it that lye would like tc
<br />n to the jail and ~~isit the fish: "
<br />t.tddenly it all came together. ~1
<br />~ of a zturrhl hnmYdo we want for 1
<br />llife and ourseh•esr ~~'hat kind
<br />]d will it be-and what kind ctf
<br />swill ++•e have become-when
<br />mal place to find fish is in a <
<br />e container= ^
<br />SELECTED REFERENCES
<br />Blurnm, M. C., and A. Siimrin. 1991. The
<br />Unraveling of the Paritti• Promise: Il.-
<br />dropower, Salmon, and Endangered
<br />Species in the Columbia Basin. Envi-
<br />rnrt ntPntal I,aru 21:657-744.
<br />Bowen, J. T. 1910. A History of Fish
<br />Culture A.s Related to the Deyelolr
<br />ment of Fishery Programs. Pages 71-
<br />93 in :-1 G~ntur,y of FrshPriPS in :ti'orth
<br />Amerira, V.G. Benson, editor. Special
<br />Publication No. 7, :~merican Fisher-
<br />ies Society, Washington, D.(:.
<br />Callicott, J. B. 1991. Conser~auon Eth-
<br />icsand Fishery Management. FislrYrir's
<br />1 li:`Z2_2S.
<br />I-Inborn, R. Hatcheries and the Future
<br />of Salmon in the Northwest. ftsltYries
<br />17:5-8.
<br />Hindar, R., N. Rvman, and F. Utter. l 991.
<br />Genetic f•:I'lects of (:allured Fish on
<br />Natural Fish Populations. Conorlutrt
<br />~nr~rytal o~!'ishYries cutrl.•Iquatir SrirnrYs
<br />4S:9-I:r957.
<br />Leopold, A. 1949. A .Smrrl G~untti Alnttr-
<br />ruu:.Skvirhvs Herr' rrrrrl % hYrv. Oxford
<br />Uniyersin~ Press. \et+• Yn-k.
<br />Martin, J., J. Webster, and G. Edwards.
<br />Hatcheries and ~I'ilcl Stocks: Are "I'he+~
<br />Contpatihlc~= Fislrv»r~ 17:4.
<br />Nelson, W. R., and R. Bodle.1990. Ninen~
<br />Years of Salmon Culture at Little ~ti'hite
<br />Salmon \ational Fish Hatchery. Bin-
<br />lo~~iral f~xrrl 90(17), U.S. Depart-
<br />ntcnt of Interior Fish and Wildlife
<br />Ser+ice. N'ashingutn, D.C.
<br />Ryman, N., and F. Utter, editors. Yrr~rula-
<br />tinrr (:ertYlics rrnd f ishPr-y ,btrnrnlrernPrtt.
<br />University of V4`ashington Press, Se-
<br />attle.
<br />Schack, H. A. 1948. Survival of Hatch-
<br />ery Trout in Su-eams and Methods of
<br />Improving the Qualin~ of Hatchery
<br />Trout. Nn~vssiveFish-Ctlhtrris110:3-14.
<br />Waples, R. S. 1991. Genetic Interaction,
<br />bcnvicen Hatchery and Wild Salmo-
<br />nids: Lessons from the Pacific Vorth-
<br />t+~est. (.rntadtnn Jatrrraal nfl•ts/tvrir%s r:rtd
<br />:iyurrtir ,tir~ir~rrrr~s 4~ (Supplement
<br />1 }:12-}-13:x.
<br />[h'illiams, J. E., and J. N. Rinne. 1992.
<br />Biodiyersit•~ k~fanagement on I4lultiple-
<br />use Federal Lands: Art Opporumity
<br />~4ltose Time Has Corne. FishYrivs 17:4-
<br />5.
<br />Winton, J. N. 1991. Su~rfilYmenlation of
<br />Ii'ik! Srtlmonirfs::blrrrurlTentYnt PrrrrNres
<br />in British (:olumliin_ It-faster of ;Liarinr~
<br />Affairs Thesis. University of ~~'ashing-
<br />ton, Seattle.
<br />TROCT AUTUMti 199?
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