7335

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7335
• Author: Valdez, R. A. and E. J. Wick
• Title: Natural Vs Manmade Backwaters as Native Fish Habitat
• USFW Year: 1983
• USFW - Doc Type: \
• Copyright Material: YES

6. Graded gravel pits that flood during runoff and drain
with descending flow may benefit native species, by
providing feeding, resting and possibly spawning areas
while minimizing potential problems with non-native
fishes.
7. Backwaters and embayments are only two habitat types
that can be enhanced to help recover protected native
fishes. No single habitat type will universally benefit
all target species.
LITERATURE CITED
1. Holden, P. B. 1978. A study of the habitat use and
movement of the rare fishes in the Green River, Utah.
Trans. of the Bonneville Chapter of the Amer. Fish.
Soc.:64-89.
2. PSiller, W. H.; J. Valentine; and D. Archer. 1981.
Colorado River Fisheries Investigations. Preliminary
Draft Report, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Salt Lake
City, Utah.
3. Wick, E. J.; T. Lytle; and C. Haynes. 1981. Colorado
squawfish and humpback chub population and habitat
monitoring. Job Progress Report 5E-3-3, Federal Aid to
Endangered Wildlife, Colorado Division of Wildlife.
Denver, Colorado.
4. Kennedy, D. M. 1979. Ecological investigations of
backwaters along the Lower Colorado River. Ph.D.
Dissertation. The University of Arizona, Tucson.
5. Kidd, G. T. 1977. An investigation of endangered and
threatened fish species in the Upper Colorado River as.
related to Bureau of Reclamation Projects. U.S. Bureau
of Reclamation. Grand Junction, Colorado.
6. McAda, C. W. and R. S. Wydoski. 1980. The razorback
sucker, Xyrauchen texanus, in the Upper Colorado River
Basin, 1974-76. Tech. Paper 99, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Washington, D.C.
7. Valdez, R. A.; P. G. Mangan; R. P. Smith; and B. C.
Nilson. 1981. Upper Colorado River fisheries investi-
gations. Draft Final Report, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
~ ~
' ',
1
EFFECTS OF
ENERGY RF
THE UPPF
Terry J. Hickman
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Salt Lake City, Utah
INTRODUCTION
For its size, the Colorado River z
controlled, and fought-over river in
the Colorado now serve millions of pe
industrial purposes, electric power
irrigation, grazing, fish and wildlife
volumes of water are exported from the
to adjoining areas. Institutions dea
the Colorado River include the follow:
of seven states, at least 15 fede~
irrigation districts, numerous mun
energy and environmental agencies.
The Colorado River begins in t
Colorado and Wyoming and flows south
km (1700 mi) to the Gulf of California
627,000 km2 (242,000 mil) (in the
fifteenth of the area of the United St
The Colorado River drainage is
and lower basins, with the demarca
Arizona, about 24 km (15 mi) below
Upper Colorado River Basin compri
(107 ,900 mil) covering port ions of
New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Wyo
will deal primarily with the Upper
above Lee Ferry, Arizona.
Except for the mountainous are
Colorado River Basin is grid or s~
~Z~
S~7