7870

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7870
• Author: Lentsch, L. D., et al.
• Title: Options For Selective Control Of Nonnative Fishes In The Upper Colorado River Basin - Final Report.
• USFW Year: 1996.
• USFW - Doc Type: \
• Copyright Material: NO

1970; Laser and Carlander 1971; Minckley 1973, 1982; Cross and Collins
1975; Pflieger 1975; Smith 1979; Woodling 1981; Gleason 1982; Becker 1983;
McAda and Tyus 1984; Harlan et al. 1987; Greger and Deacon 1988; Robison
and Buchanan 1988; Jennings and Saiki 1990; Sublette et al. 1990; Ruppert
et al. 1993].
Reproduction:
Maturation. Typically mature as yearlings (age 1) ; z 40 mm
total length (TL). Attain a maximum length of 76-102 mm
[Beckman 1952; Koster 1957; Carlander 1969; Baxter and Simon 1970; Laser
and Carlander 1971; Pflieger 1975; Farringer et al. 1979; Smith 1979;
Phillips et al. 1982; Harlan et al. 19871. Few individuals live
beyond age 2. In Oklahoma and Texas, growth of adults most
rapid from March through June; growth slow in summer due to
higher temperatures and reproductive activity [Farringer et al.
1979).
Spawning Requirements. Very adaptable in spawning
requirements. Spawn in both streams and lakes. Spawn over
gravel or sand in riffles, over submerged logs, roots, or
vegetation, along rocky shorelines in crevices, or in nests
of other fishes [Sakensa 1962; Cross 1967; Taber 1969; Minckley 1973;
Pflieger 1975; Smith 1979; Woodling 1981; Gale 19861. Plasticity in
choice of spawning substrate may partially explain success
of red shiner and rapid spread in western United States
[Vives 1993].
Reported spawning-season and water-temperature ranges were
March-September, 15.5-31.7°C. In Missouri, spawn late
May-early September with peak spawning occurring in June and
July [Pflieger 19751. In Iowa, spawn May-August with peak
spawning occurring in May or early June [Harlan et al. 1987].
In Oklahoma and Kansas, spawn June-August (maybe
May-September) with peak spawning occurring in June and July
[Carlander 1969; Taber 1969; Cross and Collins 1975; Farringer et al.
19791. In Arizona, spawn March-June [Minckley 1972]. In
Wyoming and eastern Colorado, spawn in June and July [Beckman
1952; Baxter and Simon 1970]. In the Yampa River, 1980-1984,
spawned late May-mid September [Muth and Nesler 1993]. Water
temperatures > 30°C may inhibit spawning or may be lethal to
incubating eggs [Farringer 1979; Gale 1986).
Spawning Behavior and Biology.-Spawn primarily during
morning daylight hours; male establishes spawning territory
(see [Minckley 1972, 1973; Gale 1986] for description of courtship
and spawning behavior). Observations made under controlled
conditions showed that red shiner is a fractional (over one
clutch per season), crevice spawner. Each female may
produce several clutches (5-19) of eggs per season with an
average of 585 eggs per clutch (range = 131-1,661 per
clutch) [Gale 19861. Spawning frequency and fecundity likely
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