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¦ Flooding in unregulated streams of Arizona and New Mexico depleted or removed red shiner but rapidly reestablished substantial populations through survivors, reinvaders, or direct reintroduction [Minckley and Meffe 19871. Dissolved Oxygen.- 0 Fish from Quapaw Creek and Walnut Creek, survived D.O. concentrations of 1.5 ppm (s 1.0 ppm were lethal) [Matthews and Hill 1977]. ¦ Classified as having high tolerance to low D.O., selectivity in D.O. concentration gradient, and adaptive Type 1 (see temperature) and Type 2 traits (i.e., adapted to harsh environments and having less width of tolerance but more acutely selective than Type 1 animals and more closely track optimal physicochemical conditions) [Matthews 1987]. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH).- ¦ Fish from Quapaw Creek and Walnut Creek survived pH of 5-10 (pH _< 4.0 and z 11.0 were lethal) [Matthews and Hill 1977]. ¦ Fish in the South Canadian River selected water with pH 7. 1-7.4 [Matthews and Hill 1979b] . Salinity.- 2 Fish from Quapaw salinities of <_ 10 and Hill 19773. Creek and Walnut Creek survived ppt (>_ 11 ppt were lethal) [Matthews General Behavior: Live in schools in midwater or near the surface. Reported nocturnal movement from deep water into shallow water and to the surface. During daylight, fish found on the bottom or in midwater [Mendelson 19721. Under laboratory conditions, red shiners were strongly attracted to water previously occupied by conspecifics; olfaction hypothesized as a cue in habitat selection [Asbury et al. 1981] . Feed primarily by sight [Pflieger 19-75]. Morphologically best suited for feeding on small invertebrates in midwater and aquatic plants in quiet water. Feed mostly during daylight but may peak in feeding activity at dawn [Moyle 1976]. Omnivorous, consume primarily aquatic or terrestrial insects, small crustaceans, algae, aquatic vegetation, and possibly small fish [Kosher 1957; Carlander 1969; Baxter and Simon 38