7870

• UCREFRP Catalog Number: 7870
• Author: Lentsch, L. D., et al.
• Title: Options For Selective Control Of Nonnative Fishes In The Upper Colorado River Basin - Final Report.
• USFW Year: 1996.
• USFW - Doc Type: \
• Copyright Material: NO

1934 (Hubbs and Eschmeyer 1938). From 1932 to 1938, the first
documented mechanical-removal project removed 10,000 northern
squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis, 2,300 trout, 700 dolly
varden Salvelinus malma, and 700 coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch
with gill nets to enhance the survival of sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka (Foerster and Ricker 1941). In 1950, Swingle
pioneered the concept of introducing fish species to manipulate -?
an aquatic community to produce a desired state (biological '
control). One of the first attempts to moderate the physical and
chemical habitat that species depend on was attempted though
water-level drawdown in a South Dakota reservoir to control
common carp (Shields 1958). Generally, four broad categories of
fish control methodologies have been developed: 1) chemical, 2)
mechanical, 3) biological, and 4) physicochemical.
Chemical Control.-Chemical control has been the most widely
used method for controlling fish populations. Schnick (1978)
reviewed over 30 chemicals registered as piscicides. At least 10
different chemicals have been used extensively in the United
States for this purpose, i.e., copper sulfate, rotenone,
toxaphene, endrin, antimycin, TFM (triflouromethyl-n,itrophenol),
sodium cyanide, squoxin, bayluscide, and thanite (Cumming 1975).
Only four of these chemicals (rotenone, antimycin, TFM, and
bayluscide) are currently registered for use in North America
(Wiley and Wydoski 1993). In 1914, copper sulfate was the first
chemical used to control undesirable fish (Titcomb 1914). In
22