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10 Comanche Springs (and 61.86 miles from Ft. Davis). The location of Leon Springs, 30053' N, 103001' W (Brune, 1975) is slightly more than 8 airline miles west of Comanche Springs (and 57 miles from Ft. Davis). Assuming minor increases due to road miles, the distances match well. Brune (1975) lists one Leon Spring(s) in Pecos County and none in Brewster, Jeff Davis, Presidia, or Reeves counties. The listing is for several springs (= outlets) 8 miles west of Fort Stockton. Although the spring had a reliable flow exceeding 0.5 stere (= cubic meter) per second prior to 1930, Brune listed it as having no flow by 1958. Subsequent attempts to collect the species from Leon Springs were unsuccessful and it was listed as extinct by Hubbs (1957), Miller (1961) and in the 1966 list of Rare and Endangered Fish and Wildlife of the United States. No pupfish were found 9-10 September, 1938 from the out- let irrigation ditch or "improved" spring heads (likewise no Gambusia nobilis were obtained among the Astyanax mexicanus, Notropis lutrensis, Cyprinus car io, and Gambusia affinis) (field notes by Carl L. Hubbs). The spring run was im- pounded in 1918 (The location is now listed as Lake Leon on highway maps.), has been treated with rotenone (Knapp, 1953), and was dry before 1958 (Brune, 1975). It is obvious that Leon Springs pupfish no longer existed at the type locality long before 1960. The probable cause for extinction was im- poundment as this perturbation preceded the 1938 sampling effort. The lake formed by Lake Leon Dam (originally called Leon Springs Dam) backed water up to or over Leon Springs. A 21 January, 1920 letter from the Texas State Board of Water Engineers to G. L. Moody of the Leon Springs Irrigation Com- pany reported that the flow from the springs could not be measured as the "lake had backed up over the springs." Irrigation associated perturbations preceded construction of Lake Leon as Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Trammel were • diverting water in 1908 and the Leon Springs Irrigation Company was diverting water in 1911. The canal shown within the reservoir in Fig. 1 is probably an r u O v U , I-10 Leon Springs i __._concrete p?tc -standard" lake level D N 0 500m I k tad Fig. 1 Map of Lake Leon area. The extent of Lake Leon varies but seldom since 1950 has it extended to cover the dry Leon Springs. Flow down the creek is even less frequent and the dry bed has long been obscured.