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9 The Solution to the Cyprinodon bovinus Problem: Eradication of a Pupfish Genome Clark Hubbs Department of Zoology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 The Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus, is re- stricted to the Leon Creek watershed, Pecos County, Texas. Cyprinodon variegatus of unknown provenance released into the creek between January and August, 1974, produced a major hybrid swarm in the lower segment of Leon Creek and threatened the genic purity of the species. The extensive efforts that re- sulted in the elimination of phenotypic evidence of hybridiza- tion are documented. Cyprinodon bovinus was described by Baird and Girard (1853) based on 16 specimens (Girard, 1859) collected from ';Leon's Springs, Texas" in 1851 by John H. Clark. The Leon Springs pupfish has many affinities with C. tularosa and C. pecosensis (Echelle and Echelle, 1978). As no further specimens of Leon Springs pupfish have been obtained from Leon Springs, it is appropriate to precisely identify the location and date of the material. John H. Clark was a naturalist assigned to the Mexican Boundary Survey. He is known to have accompanied Lt. Col. J. D. Graham during his journey from Indianola (23 April, 1851) to the boundary west of E1 Paso (13 September, 1851). It is assumed that Mr. Clark was with Col. Graham during the entire trip west. Col. Graham was in Castroville 19 May and Frontera 24 June. As Graham's profile map (1852) has 29 calculated elevations (= night camps?) between Castroville and Frontera (near E1 Paso) it is likely that they were camped at Leon Springs in the second week of June 1851. The "General Map" in Emory (1857), who succeeded Col. Graham after he had been re- lieved of his command, includes two listings for Leon Springs (and one King's Spring). The precise locations cannot be ascertained from the map but they seem close to 310N., 1030W. Emory (1857:24c5) also re- ported that Lt. A.W. Whipple had located "Leon Spring" at 30 53' 33.1" N, 103004' 13.0" W in 1850. Lt. Whipple who had preceded Col. Graham, was west of El Paso when Mr. Clark was travelling to El Paso. (Whipple had left Indianola in September 1850 and was in New Mexico in April 1851.) Lt. Whipple's coordinates plot slightly too far west for the present Leon Springs but there is no west longitude listed for the preceeding local- ity ("Camanche" Spring) in Emory (1857). Under any circumstance the latitude and longitude are even less appropriate for the alternate site as the latter is due north of Comanche Springs. Major Emory (p. 135) further listed Leon Springs as between Comanche and Varela (= Barrila) springs and 8.88 miles from