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difference was between habitat types: depth-to-embeddedness was somewhat greater in riffles <br />than in runs. <br />Embeddedness in relation to flows <br />During runoff in 1996, depth-to-embeddedness in select riffles and runs of strata 9 and 8 <br />increased between the first and second sampling dates. This may have been because there <br />was a second peak in flow between the two dates (See Fig. 7) which may have provided <br />additional flushing of fines from the bed. Increases in DTE also occurred at select sites <br />between the first and second sampling dates in 1997, though changes were generally not as <br />pronounced as in 1996. The difference in years may be due to the absence of a flow spike <br />between the two sampling dates in 1997. Discharge on the first sampling date in 1997 was <br />higher than on the first date in 1996: 507 cros (17,900 cfs) versus 348 cros (12,300 cfs). In <br />1997, even though flows were declining, winnowing of fines may have continued to occur at <br />certain sites after the first date if flows remained sufficient to move coarse bed materials. <br />Alternatively, DTE may have not actually increased with declining flows at these sites as our <br />results suggest; instead, they may reflect increases in DTE at different bank positions. <br />Because we were moving down the bank on each runoff sampling date as the flows declined, <br />DTE may have become higher simply because we were sampling in areas that had been under <br />deeper water during peak flow: shear stress would have been higher under deeper water and <br />more movement and cleaning of the bed may have occurred deeper in the channel than on the <br />channel margins (John Pitlick, personal communication). <br />According to Harvey et al. (1993), the conditions required to move bed materials in some <br />riffles change as discharge declines because velocity through the riffle increases as the slope <br />over the riffle increases. This was very likely the process that occurred within the small, <br />steep chutes that laterally dissected the bar in reach 9-B during 1997. At this site, tertiary <br />bars formed at the base of the chutes in much the same manner as at the Colorado squawfish <br />spawning site in the Yampa River as described by Harvey et al. (1993), though here, the <br />small tertiary bars were high and dry by the time of the estimated (temperatures > 20 C) <br />spawning season (113 cros [4,000 cfs] on July 17). <br />Depth-to-embeddedness remained relatively stable during base-flow periods of both years. <br />Thus, the rate of re-sedimentation is not rapid following a flushing event, at least not during <br />the subsequent summer and fall periods. Even after a rainstorm-induced flow spike in the 18- <br />mile reach in September 1997, when turbidity conditions were observed to dramatically <br />increase, depth-to-embeddedness did not decrease in any significant or consistent way. What <br />occurs over winter and before the next spring runoff event is as yet unknown. To shed light <br />on this question, future monitoring efforts should include a March sampling date. <br />25