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the past 24 years, peak flows have been less than this 58% of the time. <br />During the low water years of 1988 and 1989, when the abundance of intro- <br />duced minnows greatly increased, peak flows at the State line were 15,000 <br />and 9,480 cfs, respectively. Peak flows of 15,000 cfs or less at the State <br />line now occur at a rate of about 25%, or an average of once every four <br />years (Fig. 8). We believe the now-common occurrence of these low-flow <br />years has greatly aided the proliferation of these introduced fishes. <br />In determining optimal flows for the 15-mile reach we need to consider not <br />only the habitat affected within the reach itself but also the contribu- <br />tion that flows there make to the Colorado River downstream. Though the <br />Colorado River picks up substantial inflow from the Gunnison River, the <br />majority of Colorado River flow downstream of the Grand Valley is com- <br />prised of upper Colorado and not Gunnison River water (Fig. 9 and Appendix <br />30,000 <br />COLORADO (15-MILE) <br />25,000 <br />U <br />W 20,000 <br />1- <br />0- 15,000 <br />U <br />00 <br />U 10,000 <br />5,000 <br />0 <br />APR MAY JUN APR MAY JUN <br />HISTORIC RECENT <br />Figure 9. Recent and historic mean monthly flows in the Colorado River <br />at the top of the 15-mile reach and in the Gunnison River near Grand <br />Junction, Colorado. Data from Table 5. <br />32