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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................3 <br />INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................4 <br />Why is genetics important for fisheries management? ................................................4 <br />CHAPTER 1: GENETIC PRINCIPLES ................................................ <br />Overview ....................................................................................................... <br />Molecular genetics and cytogenetics ...................................................... <br />DNA .......................................................................................................... <br />Expression of genes at the molecular level ...................................... <br />Organization of genetic information in cells ...................................... <br />Chromosomes during growth, gametogenesis, and fertilization... <br />Genetics of individual organisms ............................................................. <br />Phenotype and genotype ..................................................................... <br />Qualitative traits ...................................................................................... <br />Sex determination .................................................................................. <br />Quantitative traits .................................................................................... <br />Mechanisms for introduction of genetic diversity ............................. <br />Genetics of populations and stocks ......................................................... <br />Genotypic frequencies .......................................................................... <br />Allelic frequencies .................................................................................. <br />Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law ........................................................ <br />Changes in allelic and genotypic frequencies ................................. <br />Effective population size ....................................................................... <br />Inbreeding coefficients .......................................................................... <br />Fitness ...................................................................................................... <br />Quantitative genetics of populations .................................................. <br />.....................5 <br />......................5 <br />......................5 <br />.....................5 <br />.....................7 <br />......................7 <br />...................10 <br />....................12 <br />...................12 <br />...................14 <br />...................15 <br />...................16 <br />...................17 <br />....................17 <br />...................17 <br />...................18 <br />...................18 <br />...................19 <br />...................21 <br />...................21 <br />...................22 <br />..................23 <br />CHAPTER 2: GENETIC TOOLS FOR FISHERIES APPLICATIONS ...........25 <br />Overview ............................................................................................................................25 <br />Tools for stock identification ...........................................................................................25 <br />Description - general ..................................................................................................25 <br />Verification of genetic markers .................................................................................25 <br />Advantages - general .................................................................................................25 <br />Limitations - general ...................................................................................................27 <br />Assumption of selective neutrality ............................................................................27 <br />Electrophoretic techniques ........................................................................................28 <br />Restriction enzyme analysis ......................................................................................28 <br />Cytogenetic tools .........................................................................................................30 <br />Tools for breeders and hatchery managers ................................................................31 <br />Estimation of heritability........ ......................................................................................31 <br />Mass selection ..............................................................................................................31 <br />1