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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:32 PM
Creation date
5/18/2009 12:33:50 AM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
7984
Author
Maddux, H. R., L. A. Fitzpatrick and W. R. Noonan.
Title
Colorado River Endangered Fishes Critical Habitat - Draft, Biological Support Document.
USFW Year
1993.
USFW - Doc Type
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Copyright Material
NO
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Suttkus and Clemmer (1977) concluded that spawning of humpback chub probably occurs in <br />June and July in the Grand Canyon and lower Little Colorado River. Minckley (1977, 1978, <br />1979, 1980) collected mature fish from the Little Colorado River in March and April (at <br />water temperatures of 61 ° to 68°F) and young-of-year fish in July. Ripe humpback chubs <br />have been collected from the mainstem Colorado River in the Grand Canyon (Kaeding and <br />Zimmerman 1983; Charles Minckley, USFWS, pers. comm.). <br />The collection of ripe and spent fish indicated that spawning occurred in Black Rocks during <br />June 2-15, 1980, at water temperatures of 53° to 61°F and flows of 21,350 to 25,900 cubic <br />feet/second (cfs); in 1981, spawning occurred May 15-25 at water temperatures of 61 ° to <br />61.7°F and flows of 3,000 to 4,990 cfs (Valdez et al. 1982b). Humpback chub spawned in <br />Black Rocks on the Colorado River in 1983 when flows peaked from 37,100 to 74,200 cfs <br />and maximum daily water temperatures were 55° to 63°F (Archer et al. 1985). Archer et <br />al. (1985) also reported that humpback chub spawned in the area in 1984 when maximum <br />daily water temperatures were 70° to 73°F and flows were declining from 27,195 to 13,615 <br />cfs. In the Yampa River, ripe fish were collected at water temperatures of 61 *to 73°F, and <br />an average temperature of 68°F (Karp and Tyus 1990x). These data compare favorably with <br />laboratory studies (Marsh 1985). <br />Nursery Habitat <br />Information on depth, velocity, and substrate preferences of the humpback chub has been <br />recorded by Valdez et al. (1982b) who summarized probability-of-use criteria for adult, <br />juvenile, and young-of-year humpback chub from the upper Colorado River. All young-of- <br />year were captured in water less than 10 feet deep with a silt bottom and a velocity of less <br />than 1,060 cfs. Backwaters, eddies, and runs have been reported as common capture <br />locations for young-of-year humpback chub (Valdez and Clemmer 1982). These data <br />indicate that in Black Rocks and Westwater Canyon, young utilize shallow areas. Young-of- <br />year humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River in the Grand Canyon may use talus <br />shorelines when other habitats are limiting (Valdez et al. 1992). Maddux et al. (1987) <br />captured large numbers of young-of-year in backwaters immediately below the Little <br />Colorado River. <br />Habitat suitability index curves developed by Valdez et al. (1990) indicate young-of-year <br />prefer average depths of 2.1 feet with a maximum of 5.1 feet. Average velocities were <br />reported at 0.2 feet per second. <br />Juvenile and Adult Habitat <br />Valdez et al. (1982b) also summarized adult habitats. Adult humpback chub (over 10 inches) <br />were generally captured in water less than 30 feet deep over silt, sand, boulder, and bedrock <br />substrate and with river flows usually less than 1,060 cfs. During 1985, 29 sets of habitat <br />measurements of 10 adult humpback chub obtained by radiotelemetry indicated that the fish <br />preferred eddies with sand substrate, a water depth mode of 5 feet (range 1 to 15 feet), and <br />29
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