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1 <br />Figure 1-8. Example Barrier Net <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />1 <br />l <br />1 <br />(Source: Clay 1995) <br />1 1.3.7 Behavioral Barriers <br />1.3.7.1 Electrical <br /> <br />Float <br />Main Anchor <br />' Characteristics. Electrical barriers require an electrical array either suspended in water or <br />embedded in a concrete apron for functioning. These require high voltage AC current for operation <br />and generally a back-up electrical source is used to have continuous operation. Electrical barriers are <br />' designed to elicit avoidance response from the species targeted. They require shallow water depth <br />for successful deterrence and are species specific and life stage specific. <br />Typical Existing Applications. Electrical barriers have been used successfully to prevent upstream <br />' migration in the Pacific northwest, in the northeast, and in the upper Great Lakes region for <br />deterrence of lampreys. Downstream facilities have been installed to prevent entrance into penstocks <br />or sluice gates. The electric field used to direct fish to a bypass has resulted in mixed results in <br />directing fish. The field has shown that it will fatigue fish under constant swimming and that those <br />fish are entrained in the flow and then go downstream over the area desired to be prevented from <br />' Control Structure Feasibility Evaluation <br />Miller Ecological Consultants, Inc., February 18, 1997 <br />1-22