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I Table 1-2. Summary of Behavioral Control Types 1 1 1 r], i 1 1 1 Control Structure Category Behavioral Control Type Electrical Light Acoustical (Sound) Structure Design Life 30 ears Reliability (Prevention Currently experimental. Does Currently experimental. Does Currently experimental. Does Capability & Backup) not work with passive life not work on passive life not work with passive life stages. Effectiveness is very stages. Only applicable to stages. Not affected by site specific and restricted to species with well-developed turbidity, travels very fast in areas between electrodes. visual systems. Very water, attenuates slowly, is Effective barrier to target adult dependent on water turbidity, highly directional, and not species, not eggs, larvae, or and variable attenuation of affected by light. Many fry. May be dangerous to non- different wave-lengths. species can detect sound. target species. Field strength Depends on contrast between Depends on low ambient noise for small fish may be lethal to artificial and ambient light. levels. Response affected by large fish. Strength for large Effectiveness site specific to growth stage and time of day fish may not deter small fish. hydraulic, environmental, for some species. Mixed results. Trout most design, and operational Effectiveness ranged from 55 effected, largemouth bass conditions. Tests show catfish to 70% deterrence for moderately effected. and bluegill avoided strobes. warmwater fish. Deterred 83- Mercury lights attract fish. 100 % salmonids Operation Maintenance & Required 240VAC power Requires electrical power Requires electrical power Replacement Considerations supply with auxiliary backup. source and backup. source and backup. Human safety is a concern. Cost Range $100/cfs. Less than electrical. Insufficient data. Constructibility Not suited for remote Not suited for remote Not suited for remote applications. Will require applications. applications. auxiliary power and enclosure for pulse generating and monitoring equipment. Flexibility Can be retrofit on spillway. Can be added to existing Can be added to existing structures. structures. Outlet Types and Surface diversion/water Surface diversion. Surface diversion. Configuration intakes and outlet pipes. Engineering Characteristics Requires shallow water depth Mercury and strobes both Very low frequency and or narrow channel reach. used - brightness and intensity ultrasound (120KHZ). Channel velocities must be varied. uniform and can range from 2 to 10 fps. Static water arrays available. Compatibility with Other Can be constructed in Can be installed at spillway or Can be installed at spillway or Structural Components of the spillway. Installation requires outlet. outlet. Reservoir special concrete mix. Requires controlled geometric approach section. Time of Use Examples Where Used 1) Puntledge Diversion, 1) York Haven, Susquehanna 1) Racine hydroelectric, Ohio Puntledge, BC. 2) Duke Power River; 2) Ludington Pumped R 2) Buchanan Hydro, St. plastic flume. 3) Rock River storage, Lake Michigan 3) lab Joseph R., Michigan WI. 4) SRP, AZ. studies, U. Iowa Species Present at Installed 1) Salmon 2) Trout, 1) Juvenile American Shad 2) 1) basses, catfish, shad 2) Facility largemouth bass 3) Carp. NR 3) channel catfish, bluegill, steelhead, chinook largemouth bass Life Stages Targeted 1) smolts 2) adults 3) smolts 1) NR 2) smolts Control Structure Feasibility Evaluation Miller Ecological Consultants, Inc., February 18, 1997 1-6