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1 s I r 1 I 1 1 Table 1-1. Summarv of Phvsical Screen TVDes (Note: Number and ) indicate oroiect and data association in table.) Control Structure Category High Velocity Screens Low Velocity Screens Low Velocity Screens Traveling Fixed Control Type Modular Incline Screen (MIS) Eicher Profile (Coanda) Rotating Drum Plate Cylindrical Plate Barrier Nets Structure Design Life Unknown Unknown 30.50 Years 30 Years +/- 30 Years +/- 30-50 Years 30-50 Years < 30 Years 3) 3.7 years Reliability (Prevention Capability Currently experimental. Studies Currently experimental. Very Barrier to all life stages 0.5 mm Very high fish exclusion Not intended to exclude small life Good exclusion efficiency for Very high fish exclusion Very good exclusion efficiency & Backup) have not shown exclusion of very high fish diversion efficiency and larger. Depends on dry reach efficiency for target species and stages. Small life forms can pass particles greater than 0.5 mm. efficiency for target species and for target species and life stages. small life stages. Fish passage (about 99%) for target species downstream of screen or fish life stages. Not intended to through seals. Designed for liquid solids life stages. Can be configured to Not developed for life stages less can occur during debris flushing. and life stages. Not developed for collection with debris for further exclude small life stages. Small separation (not fish exclusion). exclude small life stages. than 0.25 in. 84% exclusion of Close to 100% efficient for exclusion of very small life handling. Depends on no life forms can pass through seals. Works for passive life stages. target species. bluegill, channel catfish, walleye. stages. Fish passage can occur tailwater. during debris flushing. Operation, Maintenance & Collects fish only when water is No icing potential. Not Debris collection and processing Continual operation for cleaning. Requires ongoing costly Requires pneumatic cleaning Requires a reliable cleaning Buoyancylbonom seal problems. Replacement Considerations flowing over the screen. dependent on forebay area Fish at downstream toe. Operates well Requires ongoing costly maintenance of seals and gap system. Very little maintenance system. Minimal seal Manual brttshing/drying and/or Operational changes may be handling required. under ice conditions. Forebay maintenance of seals. May tolerances between baskets. May of screens. No debris or fish maintenance is required. Velocity coatings required for biofouling (top 0- to bottom during Removeldrop 5 R). to necessarY to ensure adequate elevation must be controlled require & underwater dry require dry & underwater handling required; separate trash variability problem; baffles can r. Remove/in w stall by divers inter. Remove/in flow to the screen when filling using flashboards to assure inspection of seal tightness. inspection of seal tightness. racks not needed for submerged help. and/or barge. Possible redundancy if reservoirs, when not submerged sufficient flow depth over crest to Redundancy required for Operation cost associated with application. debris and/or biofouling. Impacted by or when not flowing full. Fish flush debris. maintenance. Velocity variability electric drive mechanisms. wave action. 3) high pressure waterjet handling may be required. common. Redundancy required for cleaned. maintenance. Cost Range None available, assume similar to 1) $7M for 2-8 ft. dia., including $200/ft' ($1000/cfs) - Screens $2,000 - $3,000/cfs including Not available. $500/cfs (vertical) - S 1,5001cfs 3) $800/cfs capital, $I0lcfs/yr 2) $4/ft complete. 3) $19,400 Eicher structural retrofit. 3) $8,000/cfs only. Superstructure cost is very nominal superstructure. 0&M, (Horizontal Tee) for screens only. 0&M. 4) $200/cfs capital (screen (1977) and $15,000/year 0&M. capital; $30/cfslyr 0&M. site dependent 2°/o/yr of capital cost; new Flushing becomes a significant only), S3/cfs/yr 0&M. 7) 4) $0.25 • $0.501ftz ( nylon facilities. cost for greater intake depths. 1) $1,500/cfs capital, $12/cfs/yr netting only). 4) & 5) $200 - $1,000/cfs capital; $26/cfs/yr 0&M. 8) $1,700/cfs capital, $3001 ft' for superstructure. 0&M. $401cfs/yr 0&M. Constructibility Requires no space in the forebay Requires no space in the forebay Easily constructed at a remote Relatively difficult construction. Relatively difficult construction. Attach to intake pipe, tower, or Relatively difficult construction. Very simple to construct. May area Requires retrofit of intake or area Requires retrofit of pipe or location. Requires superstructural Requires concrete piers and floor Requires concrete piers and floor. manifold into outlet tower. Requires concrete piers and floor. require floating boom type new intake. new pipe. mount for screen, and access at proper angle to flow. Requires forebay area. structure and fixed anchors at walkway for service of bottom or a more elaborate flashboards and weir area bridge system. Flexibility Accessible for modification. Not easily modified (inside Not easily modified. Not easily modified. Not easily modified. Modular enlargement possible. Modular enlargement possible. Very flexible. penstock). Outlet Types and Configuration Designed to operate at any type Inside penstocks or pipes. Surface diversion/water intakes. Surface diversion/water intakes. Surface diversion/water intakes, Penstock or pipe inlet. Normally Surface diversion/water intakes Surface and subsurface water of submerged application. Submerged applications. Small dam spillway crests. or submerged turbine intakes. submerged applications. or separate facility. intakes/diversions. Especially penstocks and pipe inlets. Engineering Characteristics Composed of trash rack, stop log Elliptical screen fits inside the Approach velocities 2-4 fps. Self cleaning. Algae may require More cost effective for deep intake Designed to maintain uniform Can accommodate large water Low approach velocities (below slots, an 15.200 inclined wedge- penstock at an angle that can Self-cleaning, no moving parts or jettino-skiing. Cathodic protection channels. Can accommodate large intake velocity from - 0.3 to 2 fluctuations and flow rates. 0.4 fps), minimal wave action, wire screen, and occasionally a function in flow velocities up to 8 power requirements. Utilized needed (node preferred). Common water surface fluctuations & flows. fps. Requires large screen area Common for diversions up to and light debris loads. A 50% fish bypass. Designed to operate fps. Requires fish bypass. 3) mainly for flaws of 0-250 cfs. frame roundness problem. MechanicalNydratdic powered Most common for diversions from 100 to 500 cfs (or more). Horizontal and for small flow rate. Debris 2,000 cfs. Minimal debris clear opening is required. 1/4 - at water intake velocities of 2 to 2mm opening, 19* to flow, 5 fps, Head required 4.5 ft 10.25 year (flawing water). Flows can go under or vertical motion directions are flushed away by compressed air. loading required. Good edge 1/2 inch typical mesh opening. 10 fps and capacities up to 1000 420 cfs. design frequency. 1.5 cfs/ft. over the stainless steel screen. available. Screen rotation speed is Slot openings from 0.02 in. - 0.5 seals can be made. 2) 0.7 fps 600-1,200 cfs typical capacity. cfs. capacity. Stainless steel Requires fish bypass. Up to 3000 cfs. 0.03 fps. 2) 318" punched plate; in. 1) 0.33 fps, 2.38mm screen, design flow, 2mm opening. 3) Skirting at top is necessary. wedgewire screen. 3) 1 nun Handles high debris loads. Small water horizontal movement. 4) typically used 115 cis capacity. 0.2mm opening. 4) 12mm 3) 72' deep, 16 thread knotless wedgewire screen. surface fluctuation. 4) 3.18mm screen. for pump intake screens. 5) 3 ft/sec opening. 7) & 8) 1/2 inch dacron net, 83mm. mesh. velocity, 2.5mm opening. 6) 2.4-2.9 opening ft/sec approach velocity. 7) 0.5 ft/sec velocity, I mm screen, 1378 cfs. Compatibility with Other Can be installed at water intake. Can be installed in the penstock Special structure needed to hold Usually requires large area at Special structure needed or can Connects directly to existing Requires special structure. Could easily be mounted in Structural Components of the or outlet pipe. screen and occasionally special water intake. Special structure be placed in intake channel if intake. Can be placed away from spillway approach on existing Reservoir headworks to control flow/build required. sufficient screen area debris trapping areas or sensitive trash rack or log boom. headwater. fish areas. Time of Use Whenever water is flowing over Whenever water is flowing Whenever sufficient depth of Not practical in winter unless Not practical in winter unless No restrictions as long as Not practical in winter unless When spillway is flowing. Is not the screen. High velocities and through outlet pipe. High water is flowing over the screen. enclosed or heated due to icing. enclosed, heated or submerged. submerged. Can operate during enclosed or heated due to icing practical in winter due to icing. enclosed location minimizes velocities and enclosed location All seasons. Sufficient depth to maintain low winter if properly located. icing. minimizes icing. velocity. Examples Where Used Lab test on design (EPRI) 1) Elwha Hydropower Project, 1) Nycklemoe, MN. 2) Crow 1) Jackson Lake, CO. 2) Tehama- l) Lower Monumental, WA. 2) 1) Arbuckle Mtn. Hydro Plant, 1) The DaIles Dam, WA. 2) Leaburg 1) Northfield Pump Storage Project, Niagra Mohawk Green Island, Port Angeles, WA. 2) Puntledge Creek, MT. 3) Hood River, OR. Colusa Irr. Canal, CA. 3) Glenn- Multifarious P.P., NY. 3) Redding, CA. 2) Eddystone, Hydro Project, McKenzie River, OR. Connecticut River. 2) Ludington NY Project at B.C. Hydro, Vancouver Colusa Irr. District, CA. 4) Bowline Point, NY. 4) Yakima Delaware River, Philadelphia, 3) McClusky Canal. ND. 4) BC Hydro, Salmon River o. S) Wadhams, Pumped Storage Plant, Lake Michigan. Banks Banks Lake, Washington . 3) 4) Is. 3) T.W. Sullivan Plant, OIL Yakima R. (3), WA. River, WA. 5) Wanapium & Priest PA. 3) Delmarva, DE. 4) lts, N YY ! 6)Little Falls, 7J T Twin Fa . Twin Falls, NY. . o. (several isconsin Electric Power W C Rapids WA. 6) Hanford WA. 1) Umatilla Pumping Plant OR. WA. 8) Jim Boyd, OR. projects). 5) WPSC, Green Bay, WI. 6) Brayton Pt., MA. Bauer Locks, WA. Species Present at Facility Bluegill, channel catfish, 1) Chinook, coho, steelhead. l) Carp, bullheads, red horse. 2) 3) Chinook Salmon. 4) Spring 1) Salmon. 3) White perch, 2) Resident and migratory 4) Salmon and Steelhead 2) Chinook, Alewives. 3) Kokanee.4) walleye, trout, salmon, alosid 2) Chinook, coho. Carp. 3) Salmon. and Fall Chinook salmon. striped bass. 6) Yellow perch, species. Trout, Centarkids, Muskie. 5) Perch, species. Chinook salmon. 7) Winter Alewives, Walleye, Carp. 6) Salmon flounder. have avoidance response to nets. Life Stages Targeted for 32.68 mm bluegill, 52-118 mm 1) Fingerling, presmolt, smolt. 1) & 2) Eggs and larger. 3) 3) Juvenile. 4) Smolts and kelts 2) Adult 3) Adult 4) Larvae and Protection catfish, 74.100 mm walleye, 2) Smolt Fry/smolts and larger. larger- 50mm 5) Fry (114 in. juvenile trout. opening) Draft Control Structure Feasibility Evaluation Miller Ecological Consultants, Inc., December 20, 1996 1-5