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Last modified
7/14/2009 5:02:34 PM
Creation date
5/17/2009 11:52:58 PM
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UCREFRP
UCREFRP Catalog Number
9314
Author
Wick, E. J. and J. A. Hawkins.
Title
Colorado Squawfish Winter Habitat Study.
USFW Year
1989.
USFW - Doc Type
Fort Collins.
Copyright Material
NO
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evolutionary processes to occur. Stocks with limited interchange will <br />be classified separately until adequate information is available to <br />justify combining them. This conservative classification will prevent or <br />minimize the risk of losing unique genetic attributes of any stock that <br />may be important in the recovery/restoration effort. <br />4. Genetic Identification and Characterization of Stocks. The genetic <br />diversity will be characterized by identifying genetic markers through <br />appropriate techniques such as electrophoresis for protein analysis and <br />restriction enzyme analysis for DNA. In some cases, morphological <br />analyses will be used to identify and characterize fish stocks. Genetic <br />markers are useful in the restoration of species. They can be used to <br />characterize the genetic diversity among stocks and maintain diversity <br />in a captive propagation program similar to the parent wild stocks <br />(Allendorf and Phelps 1987; Allendorf and Ryman 1987; Gauldie 1991: <br />Hynes et al. 1981). It is extremely important to verify inheritance <br />patterns and genetic characters to ensure that the markers have a <br />genetic basis and that they are not due to other factors such as <br />environment, development stage, or sample treatment (Kapuscinski and <br />Jacobson 1987). In addition, early detection of inadvertent <br />introgression from stocking will allow changes in stocking procedures <br />that could preserve the genetic integrity of remaining wild stocks <br />(Hynes et al. 1981). <br />B. Procedures for Reviewing Stock Identification and Characterization. A <br />system similar to that used in the Upper Colorado River should be considered <br />for other watersheds within the Region. Members of a Biology Committee and <br />an Ad Hoc panel of fishery geneticists periodically review presumptive <br />stocks as new information becomes available on distribution, behavior, <br />migrations, movement, phenotypic information, and genetic information. Even <br />with the available criteria for stock identification and characterization, <br />the present ability to evaluate and classify stocks is not perfect. <br />Therefore, all stocks will be treated separately until future information <br />indicates otherwise. <br />C. Criteria for Determining Status and Trends Fish Stocks. The determination <br />of status and trends among various stocks is imperative for making informed <br />management decisions (Philipp et al. 1986). Decisions on actions regarding <br />listed and candidate species must be made on a case-by-case basis using <br />standard criteria (Rohlf 1991). The status or trends of presumptive fish <br />stocks is determined by: <br />Monitoring the distribution and relative abundance of presumptive stocks <br />by species, <br />2. Documenting spawning and recruitment, <br />3. Identifying the potential for extinction from catastrophic risk, and <br />4. Estimating the probability for immediate extinction. <br />8
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