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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />ABSTRACT iii <br />ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi <br />INTRODUCTION I <br />Historical River 3 <br />Fishes and Niches 7 <br />Evolutionary Process I 1 <br />Spawning Observations 12 <br />System Instability and Habitat Alteration 15 <br />Recruitment Failure 27 <br />Research approaches based on squawfish studies 29 <br />RESEARCH QUESTION 33 <br />Research Objectives 33 <br />STUDY AREA 35 <br />Spawning site description 38 <br />METHODS 41 <br />Physical Data Collection 41 <br />Cross Section Surveys 41 <br />Discharge 43 <br />Bed Material Samples 43 <br />Sediment Transport Measurements 44 <br />Channel Monitoring 1996 44 <br />USGS Suspended and Bedload, Jensen Gage 1996 45 <br />Scour Chains 45 <br />Analysis of Historical Flow and Sediment Data 47 <br />HEC-2 and HEC-6 Modeling Methods 48 <br />Contracted Data Collection 50 <br />Fish Monitoring Studies 50 <br />Radiotelemetry 51 <br />ix