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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:40:26 PM
Creation date
4/24/2008 2:49:27 PM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Title
Precipitation Guage Testing on the Wasatch Plateau, Utah, During Early 1993
Date
11/1/1993
State
UT
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />3. A snowboard was periodically placed on the snow surface within 10 ft of the gauges. A <br />3-13/16-in. I.D. snow coring tube with sharpened edge was pushed vertically through the <br />snow to obtain samples from the board. The resulting snow samples were placed in <br />preweighed plastic bags and later weighed on a balance with resolution of 0.1 gram. Ten <br />snowboard observations were collected during the test period. <br /> <br />In addition, a sensitive R.M. Young propeller anemometer/wind vane sensor was located near <br />the gauges at the height of their orifices. Average wind speed and direction were recorded <br />each 15 min on the same data logger used to record the ETI gauge data. <br /> <br />RELIABILITY OF ETI PRECIPITATION GAUGE <br /> <br />The ETI precipitation gauge proved to be reliable from time of installation in late November <br />1992 until removal in late March 1993. The only problem encountered had nothing to do <br />with the gauge. The limited solar radiation in the small clearing was not sufficient to keep <br />the battery charged which powered the data logger and radio. The solution was to move the <br />solar panel to a location which received more sunlight. Otherwise, the gauge functioned as <br />it was designed to. The only servicing required was periodic replenishment of the antifreeze <br />solution and removal of the old precipitation/antifreeze mix. The frequency of servicing <br />depended upon snowfall accumulation, but the reservoirs were adequate so that several <br />storms could be sampled before servicing was required. <br /> <br />ANALYSIS <br /> <br />Precipitation gauge data were totaled and wind speed data were averaged for each hour. <br />Wind direction observations are of little interest because of the light and variable nature of <br />the wind in the test clearing. The highest hourly mean wind speed observed during the 179 <br />h with snowfall measured by one or both gauges was 3.1 mph. Only 6 h had average wind <br />speeds exceeding 1 mph. The average -for most hours was calm, so wind-related gauge losses <br />should have been negligible. <br /> <br />Forty-three of the 179 h with snowfall detected by one or both gauges had no snowfall <br />detected by the ETI gauge but some detected by the Belfort. During 36 of these hours the <br />Belfort detected 0.005 in., its resolution limit, but less than the 0.01 in. resolution of the ETI <br />gauge. The maximum detected by the Belfort when no snowfall was detected by the ETI <br />gauge was 0.015 in. <br /> <br />The higher resolution Belfort did not detect snowfall during 28 h when some was recorded <br />by the ETI gauge. The ETI gauge indicated 0.03 in. during one of these hours, 0.02 in. <br />during another and 0.01 during the remaining 26 h. Twenty-three of these 28 h were <br />between 0900-1500, when diurnal warming is expected. The absence of snowfall during <br />several of these hours was verified by the field technicians' weather observations. This <br />observation suggests that the temperature compensation was not quite adequate for this load <br />cell gauge, allowing it to falsely indicate minor snowfall amounts during some periods. Load <br />cells are known to be temperature sensitive. <br /> <br />Figure 1 shows a plot of all hourly precipitation observations with snowfall detected by either <br />gauge. Agreement is quite good with a linear correlation coefficient (R) of 0.97. The slope <br />of the linear regression equation indicates that overall the ETI gauge tended to indicate <br />slightly lower values than the Belfort. <br /> <br />2 <br />
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