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<br />experiment. The results were reproducible and were not as strongly affected by other experimental
<br />variabilities as by the chemical composition of the aqueous solution. A conceptual model, based upon
<br />the observed freezmg potential (the Workman and Reynolds effect) which results' from freezing of dilute
<br />aqueous solutions is advanced, which explains the observed phenomena.
<br />
<br />Pitter, R. L.. and W. G. Finnegan, 1990: Ice crystal breeding. Journal of Weather Modification. 22:63-68.
<br />
<br />When ice crystals rapidly grow and aggregate in the Desert Research Institute (DRI) cloud chamber,
<br />they frequently produce new ice crystals without the presence of ice fonning nuclei. Ammonium salts,
<br />initially present in the cloud water and later detected in the ice crystals, enhanced this phenomenon.
<br />The continual ice crystal production was observed at temperatures from -40C to 30oC, although it
<br />occurred more frequently when the ice crystals were long needles or dendrites-highly non-spherical.
<br />Ice multiplication and secondary ice fonnation are commonly used in the meteorological literature to
<br />describe the phenomenon. The chemical literature (crystal growth) predates the meteorological literature
<br />and describes a similar process that occurs in systems of crystals growing in solution. The chemical
<br />literature calls the phenomenon crystal breeding. This paper describes the similarity between the
<br />systems and advances of two postulated mechanisms, both of which are consistent with our observations
<br />of ice crystal breeding and other observations. of crystal breeding in solution.
<br />
<br />Pilter, R. L., and W. G. Finnegan, 1990: The effect of solute impurities on morphology of diffusion-grown
<br />ice crystals. Preprints, Conference on Cloud Physics, San Francisco. CA, July 23-27. 1990. American
<br />Meteorological Society. Boston. MA, 471-472.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />Pitter. R. L., and W. G. Finnegan, 1990: The retention of ice crystal structure and habit during diffusional
<br />growth. Preprints, Conference on Cloud Physics, San Francisco, CA, July 23-27, 1990. American
<br />Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. 93-96.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />Pitter, R. L., and W. G. Finnegan, 1989: Development of heterogeneous nucleation theory for application
<br />in weather modification. Proceedings. 5th WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification and
<br />Applied Cloud Physics, Beijing, China, May 8-12. 1989. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.
<br />WMOffD-No. 269, 1:131-132.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />Pitter, R. L., and W. G. Finnegan, 1989: Ice crystal mOIJlhology: What makes snowflakes different, or alike.
<br />Preprints, SymJX>sium on the Role of Clouds in Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Climate, Anaheim.
<br />CA, J~muary 30-February 3, 1989. American Meteorological Society. Boston. MA, 108-1()9.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />Pitter. R. L., W. G. Finnegan, and L. G. Young, 1989: EleclPOchemical oxidation-reduction reactions in growing
<br />, ice crystals: Freezing induced chemical reactions. Proceedings. International Conference on Global and
<br />Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry, Beijing, China. May, 466-469.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />58
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