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<br />unifonn measurement of weather modification effects. An econometric technique, based on the use of
<br />binary variables, is proposed as a means for selecting geographical aggregates. The transmission of the
<br />"weather effect" to the agricultural sector is accomplished in the supply-demand model. Benefits
<br />accruing to various market participants may then be identified under alternative scenarios of weather
<br />modification.
<br />
<br />Orr, B. W., 1990: Boundary-layer momentum budgets as determined from a single-scanning Doppler radar.
<br />M.S. thesis, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort CoIlins, CO, 116 pp.
<br />
<br />The Velocity Azimuth Display (V AD) technique is extended to third-order turbulent velocity statistics.
<br />By applying this extended V AD technique to a single-scanning Doppler radar, a solution for the
<br />horizontalturbulent momentum flux budget is obtained. All tenns excluding the buoyanl;y, pressure,
<br />and eddy dissipation tenns can be solved for directly. High-resolution measurements of !the momentum
<br />flux budget can then be studied in both space and time. Specifically, the third-order turbulent transport
<br />tenn can be examined.
<br />
<br />Three data sets characterized by hot, clear summertime planetary boundary layers (PBL)are analyzed
<br />using this extended V AD technique. These data show turbulent transport to be very significant
<br />throughout the day and night. Daytime values were observed to be of the same order or slightly larger
<br />than shear production. At night, shear production dominated but turbulent transport was still of
<br />significant magnitude. Other notable features were the: high degree of variability in all turbulent
<br />quantities in both space and time. The large contributiion from turbulent transport and thl~ high degree
<br />of nonstationarity in the turbulence field are in contrast to most other field measurements. Brief
<br />explanations are given for these differences. Comparisons with computer modeling studies are also
<br />made which agree more closely with the radar analysis: than did the field studies.
<br />
<br />Orville, H. D., 1992: A review of theoretical developments in weather modification in the past twenty years.
<br />Preprints, Symposium on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Atlanta, GA, JaIfluary 5-10,
<br />1992. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 35-41.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
<br />Orville, H. D., and N. C. Knight, 1992: An example of a research experience for undergraduates. Bulletin of
<br />the American Meteorological Society, 73: 161-167.
<br />
<br />This paper illustrates the planning and conduct of a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)
<br />project associated with the 1989 North Dakota Thuntlerstonn Project held in June/July of that year near
<br />Bismarck, North Dakota. This was a National Science Foundation/REU site award and required
<br />students from more than one school to participate. Tel1l students from seven schools were selected.
<br />They operated instruments on research aircraft, ran atmospheric sounding equipment, intercepted
<br />hailstonns and tested hailstone sensors, and coordinated Doppler radar data acquisition.
<br />
<br />Orville, H. D., F. J. Kopp, U. S. Nair, J. L. Stith, and R. Rhinehart, 1990: On the origin of ice in strong
<br />convective cells. Preprints, Conference on Cloud Physics, San Francisco, CA, July 23-27, 1990.
<br />American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 16-20.
<br />
<br />No abstract.
<br />
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