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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:40:06 PM
Creation date
4/23/2008 1:57:02 PM
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Weather Modification
Title
The Characteristics and Evolution of Supercooled Water in Wintertime Storms Over the Sierra Nevada: A Summary of Radiometric Measurements taken During the Sierra Navada Cooperative Pilot Project
Date
7/1/1987
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />In the cutoff storms, supercool~d water measurements were greatest within <br /> <br />the pre-frontal region. Steady values of supercooled water ranged from 0.05 to <br />. 0..60 mm. in the pre-frontal orographdc clouds. Embedded convection pl~oduced <br />peaks of ~;upercoo 1 ed water in exces:s of 0-.70 mm. . The durat j on' of supercool ed <br /> <br />water varied from 3 to 30 h. The duration was sensitive to the trajectory of <br /> <br />the cutoff. Storm centers that tracked directly over the project area had the <br /> <br />longest durations. Storm centers which passed to the south had supercooled <br /> <br />water pre:;ent for shorter periods. Supercooled water from 0.05 to 0.20 mm <br />usually existed in embedded convection from the passage of the front until the <br /> <br />passage of the cold core trough. <br /> <br />The presence of supercooled water within rapidly digging systems in <br /> <br />northerly flow depended on the trajectory of the storm. The project area was <br />within a cold trough during storms with an offshore trajectory. The clouds over <br /> <br />the project area were predominantly convective. Short lived peaks of super- <br /> <br />cooled water sometimes reached 0.50 mm. Sustained supercooled water was rarely <br /> <br />measured. Storms with a trajectory that passed directly over the project area <br /> <br />, <br />produced the largest sustained amounts ofsupercoole'd water ahead of the front. <br /> <br />These values were typically 0.20 to 0.40 mm in an essentially non-precipitating <br /> <br />environment. The pre-frontal segments of these storms were short, usually less <br /> <br />than 6 hours. Supercooled water diminished to 0.05 - 0.10 mm within the frontal <br /> <br />band. Post-frontal supercooled water remained at these low amounts until the <br /> <br />passage of the trough. Storms with an inland trajectory provided continuous <br />supercooled water from 0.10 to 0.40 mm as long as clouds were present. <br /> <br />B. Vertical distribution of water saturated cloud <br /> <br />The vertical distribution study comprised the balance of the analysis. When <br /> <br />supercoo11~d water was measured by the radiometer, saturation often existed <br /> <br />29 <br />
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