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i hazard, generates hydroelectric power, provides fresh water for irrigation, domestic and industrial consumption and salinity control, serves as a source of fish breeding and is a recreation resort. An annual average energy of 1,309 M kWh is generated by the hydropower plant. In wet season water from the reservoir irrigates approximately 1,500,000 rai in the Tak and Kamphaeng Phet areas and an additional 5,700,000 rai in the main cultivated area of the Chao Phraya Basin. In dry season the total irrigated area is 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 rai. The reservoir generally operates far below its upper rule curve and has about 3353 MCM of available storage in an average year. The catchment area of the Bhumipol Reservoir is approximately 26,400 km2 and contains rainfed agriculture which would also benefit from additional pre- cipitation. The catchment area has adequa,te facilities to support demonstration project operations including offices and housing, a regional weather forecast center and airports. In addition there are 69 rainfall and streamgauging stations in the catchment area. Finally, the location and topography of the catchment area are conducive to frequent cloud conditions during the southwest mon- soon and offers the Srinagarind Basin to the south as an experi- mentally suitable candidate for a control basin., ii. Warm and cold cloud seeding. - It is strongly recorrmended that the demonstration project include seeding of both Iwarm and cold types. Research on cold cloud seeding, both theoretically and experimentally, is somewhat more advanced than that on warm cloud seeding, and the resulting capabilities should be exploited in the demonstration project. The specific seeding str,ategies and seeding materials to be used in the demonstration project should be determined througn numerical cloud modeling experiments designed to identify the most promising ones for field exploration in Thailand. .. " -. The relative frequency of occurrence of warm and cold cloud types is not precisely known; however, an examination of radar data by the team and their discussions with the Meteorological Department's radar operator at Chiang Mai indicate that a signi- ficant fraction of clouds in Thailand have cold cloud tops. Thunderstorms are reported to grow as high as 15 km and organized convective cloud systems often reach altitudes of 10 km or more. In addition, the team was apprised of a pilot study in ,,,hich a simple numerical cloud model was used to estimate the frequency of supercooled clouds and modification opportunities. An examination of data for Chiang Mai during July 1965 indicated that on 10 of 31 days the clouds were supercooled and would have responded posi- tively to cold cloud seeding. On the other days either no clouds formed or the clouds that formed were too warm or too stable to be affected by cold cloud seeding. b. Programmatic 1. Subprograms. - It is recommended that the proposed "five-year precipitation enhancement demonstration program in Tha1'land be '. ,. 45