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<br />I <br />I <br />,1 <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />-I <br />J <br />II <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />4.-3- Radar Stud i es . . . . . . . . . . . 32 <br />4.3.1 Data and Analysis Method. 32 <br />4.3.2 Results. . . . . . . . . . 32 <br />4.3.3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . .. 38 <br />4.4 Rawinsonde Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 <br />4.4.1 Data Available and Processing Procedures 38 <br />4.4:2 Monthly and Yearly Variations in IICloudll <br />Occurrences. . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />4~4.3 Detailed Results for HTS . . . . <br />4.4.4 Summary of Results. . . . . . . <br /> <br />39 <br />39 <br />43 <br /> <br />5.0 OPPORTUNITIES IN COLD OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS . 48 <br /> <br />5.1 Results of Literature Survey. . . . . . 48 <br />5.2 Application to Eastern TVA Region . . . . . . . 49 <br />5.3 Case Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 <br />5.4 Climatology of Cold Orographic Cloud Events 59 <br />5.5, Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . 69 <br /> <br />6.0 OPPORTUNITIES IN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS. <br /> <br />'. <br /> <br />72 <br /> <br />6.1 Result of Literature Survey. . . . 72 <br />6.2 Use of Cloud Models. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 <br />6.3 Application of a Steady-State One-Qimensional <br />Model in Determining Dynamic Seeding <br />Potential Over the Eastern TVA . . . . . . . 73 <br /> <br />6.3.1 Model Characteristics. . . . .. 73 <br />6.3.2 Model Calculations. . . . . . . .. 74 <br />6.3.3 Thermodynamics. . . . . . . . . . 74 <br />6.3.4 The Microphysics and its <br />Parameterization. . . . . . . . . .. 76 <br />6.3.5 Freezing and Termination of Sounding 76 <br /> <br />6.4 Model Computations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 <br />6.5 Convective Cloud Climatology and GPCM Results. 79 <br />6.6 Summary of Dynamic Seeding potential. . . . 83 <br /> <br />7.0 SEEDING OPPORTUNITIES IN OTHER CLOUD TYPES. 86 <br />8.0 HYDROLOGIC AND BENEFIT-COST STUDIES. . . . .. 87 <br /> <br />8.1 Introduction........ . . . . . . . . 87 <br />8.2 Enhanced Hydrology Development and Results. 87 <br />8.3 Weekly Scheduling Model Results. . . . . . 92 <br />8.4 Determination of Potential Benefits. . . . . . 103 <br />8.5 Power Model Results . . .. .. . . . . . . 106 <br />8.6 Operational Program Costs . . . . . . . . . .. 110 <br />8.7 Estimated Benefit and Costs for an Operational <br /> <br />Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 <br />8.8 Summary of Cost-Benefit Analysis. . . . . . . . 115 <br /> <br />i i i <br />