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<br />. <br /> <br />shallow and long-lived. <br /> <br />Some kinds of aircraft investigations of the <br /> <br />c:louds are thus difficult. <br /> <br />Remote sensing techniques were therefore <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />_..........'.:~- ',. <br /> <br />employed in much of the 1985 field investigations in order to collect <br /> <br />the required data. At the western base of the Tushar Mtns was a C-band <br /> <br />Doppler radar. <br />".- <br /> <br />It collected data on the particle motions and radar <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />_......--~.. ~... <br /> <br />reflectivity factors within the clouds. <br /> <br />Air motions were derived from <br /> <br />this information. <br /> <br />At a site in the mountains were deployed aKa-band <br /> <br />Doppler radar, a steerable dual-channel microwave radiometer, and a <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />zenith-pointing polarization diversity lidar. <br /> <br />They collected data in <br /> <br />their vicinity on the reflectivity structure of and air motions in the <br /> <br />clouds, on the amount of supercooled liquid water, and on the phase and, <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />if ~ce, the rimed state of. hydrometeors. <br /> <br />Observations of' the <br /> <br />microphysical characteristics of precipitation particles were also made <br /> <br />at this site. <br /> <br />These included the particle habits and mass and number <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />fluxes. A Rosemount .probe was located on the upper slopes of the Tushar <br /> <br />Mtns to measure the amount of supercooled liquid water passing this <br /> <br />site. <br /> <br />Recording precipitation gages were located at various altitudes <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />up the slopes of the Tushar Mtns. Rawinsondes were launched from a site <br /> <br />west of the Tushar Mtns to collect data on the vertical structure of the <br /> <br />atmosphere. Synoptic data and GOES satellite imagery were obtained. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />The two major scientific objectives of the work are the following: <br /> <br />~r <br /> <br />to assess the transport and delivery of seeding material from <br />ground-based generators to clouds over the Tushar Mtns, and <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />~) <br /> <br />to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of super- <br />cooled liquid water in the clouds, the physical processes <br />responsible for prec~p~tation development, and the trajec- <br />to'ries of cloud and precipitation particles. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Progress toward these objectives ~s important to the evaluation and <br /> <br />improvement of the seeding hypothesis being used in the Utah operational <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />-xx~~- <br />